Chase High School

Job Requirements

Most entry-level jobs require a high school diploma.

About 20% of careers in agriscience (including animal science) requires college degrees.

Job Requirements

Some positions, such as a veterinarian, require a 4-year college degree plus an advanced degree and special training in addition to the college degree.

Veterinarians

Perform highly technical tasks such as embryo transfers.

Veterinarians treat and control diseases as well as treat injuries.

Starting Place

The high school agriculture class is a good place to begin career prep.

Employment

The largest number of new employment positions in agriscience is expected to be scientists and engineers.

What types of careers in animal science deal with scientists?

Small Animal Industry

The industry is expanding greatly! What all are small animals used for?

PetsAnimal researchFood Fur

Small Animal Industry

Technicians and growers are needed for:KennelsPet storesAnimal hospitals***Often requires college training***

Equine Industry

Expanding as the interest in horses for pleasure and show increases.

Farriers are needed to shoe and care for horses’ feet.

Terminology

Sow: term for a mature adult female in pork production

Gilt: term for an immature female in the swine industry.

Terminology

Barrow: term for castrated male in pork production.

Boar: non castrated male pig.

Digestive System of Swine Swine are monogastric, which means

they have one stomach compartment.

Basically have the same digestive system as a human.

Pork Production

The swine industry has changed greatly from the lard type hogs to lean type hog in demand today.

Types of Swine Operation Feeder-pig producers

Market-hog producers

Purebred producers

Produce high-quality boars to:Improve the genetic makeup of one breed of

swine.Purebred boars bred to crossbred sows

increase hybrid vigor

Yorkshire

They exhibit a long, big frame and are white with erect ears.

Chester White

Solid white, these pigs have medium sized, droopy ears.

Berkshire and Landrace

Berkshire: Black with six white points (nose, tail, and legs)

Landrace: They have very large, floppy ears, are long-bodied

Cattle Terminology Calf: baby cow Heifer: immature female cow Steer: castrated male cow Bull: non-castrated male cow Cow: mature female cattle

Digestive System

Cows and sheep are ruminants, which means they have four stomach compartments.

Ruminants can tolerate more roughage in the diet.

Angus

A black breed of cattle known for excellent meat quality.

Hereford

Red with a white face

Shorthorn

Have been used in the bloodlines of more than 30 recognized breeds of beef cattle

Exotic breeds

Imported into the U.S. when consumers began demanding leaner meat.

They have calves that grow faster than English breeds.

Charolais and Limousin

Simmental

American breeds

Developed to withstand the heat and resistance to disease and parasites in the South and Southwest.

American breeds resulted from crossing Brahman cattle from India with English breeds.

American Breeds

The result was increased heat tolerance and disease and parasite resistance of Brahman and the meat quality of the English breeds.

Holstein

90% of dairy cattle in the U.S. are Holstein.

Known for their black and white markings.

Other Breeds

Guernsey

Jersey

Ayrshire

Poultry Terminology

Rooster: male chicken

Hen: female chicken

Chick: baby chicken

Digestive System

Poultry have no true stomachs and can only store small amounts of food in its digestive system.

Digestive System

Chickens have no teeth. Food is swallowed whole, stored in the crop, and passed on to the gizzard where it is crushed and ground up.

Rations must be high in food value.

Poultry

Chicken are classified as layers or broilers.

Layers

Chickens developed to produce huge numbers of eggs.

White Leghorn chickens are popular layers.

Broilers

Broilers are young chickens grown for their meat.

Example: Cornish

Bantam

Miniature versions of standards breeds.

Used primarily for show

Turkeys

90% of turkeys grown commercially are Broad-Breasted White.

Tools

Candling Light: used to view the interior of eggs to detect blood spots.

Artificial Vagina: to collect semen from male animals.

Tools

Insemination straw: for the disposition of semen into the female.

Rectal thermometer: used to take the temperature of animals.

Tools

Syringe: used to give injections or draw body fluids.

“V” notcher: used to notch the ears of swine for identification

Water and Protein

Water regulates body temp., dissolves and transports nutrients.

Protein builds muscle

Carbohydrates

Provides energy for animals Makes up about 75% of most animal

rations. Corn and other cereal grains are the

major source of carbohydrates.

Minerals

Calcium is one of the major minerals and is found in ground limestone.

Calcium in needed in poultry feed for eggshell development.

Minerals are supplied by mineral supplements and are a primary aid in the development of bones and teeth.

Vitamins and Fats

Vitamins are needed by animals in minute quantities to help all body functions. Vitamins also help prevent many livestock disease.

Only small amounts of fat are required.

Concentrates

Low in fiber and high in total digestible nutrients (TDN).Cereal grains are the major source of most

concentrates.Other sources include byproducts of grain

and animals.

Roughages

High in fiber and low in TDNDry roughage is hayGreen roughage includes the pasture

grasses.Silage is a roughage that results from

storage and fermentation of green crops.