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Page 1: Chartered accountant in dwarka

Chartered Accountant in dwarka

• http://caindwarka.com/

19 1

Page 2: Chartered accountant in dwarka

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Chapter 1: An English-Speaking World (9-45)

An English-Speaking

World

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The Story of English

By Don L. F. Nilsen

Based on The Story of EnglishBy Robert McCrum, Robert MacNeil

and William Cran (Penguin, 2003)

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English, ESL or EFL is Spoken by about ½ of the People in the World ( about 2 Billion People) (McCrum

24/50)

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English as a Global Language

• ¾ of the World’s Mail• ½ of the World’s technical & scientific journals• ½ of all newspapers• 80 % of the information in computers• All International Air Pilots• All International Sea Captains• Many movies, songs, and much business• ½ of European business deals • 7 of the Largest TV Broadcasters (CBS, NBC, ABC,

BBC, CBC, CNN, C-Span)• TV Televangelism of Christianity (McCrum 10)

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Varieties of Global English, each with its Own Peculiar Flavor

• Deutschlish

• Franglish (la langue du Coca-Cola)

• Indian English

• Japlish (man-shon vs. mai-homu, basaburo, aisu-kurimu, mai-com [my computer])

• Russlish

• Spanglish (McNeal 10, 38-39)http://caindwarka.com/

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La Langue du Coca-Cola

• In France, – hot money capitaux fébariles– Jumbo jet gros porteur– Fast food prêt-à-manger

• In Canada, Loi 101 : – English billboards, posters and storefronts

are banned. Many students are not allowed to attend English-language schools. (McCrum 39-40)

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Competing Global Languages

• Arabic

• Russian (before the breakup of the Soviet Union in Eastern Europe)

• Mandarin

• Spanish

• French

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Education Act of 1870: RP

• Cockney (Cock’s Egg)

• RP (Received Pronunciation)

• Posh (Portside Out Starboard Home)

• (McCrum 13-21)

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World War II (McCrum 23)

• GI Bases in England, Italy, France, Germany

• GI Language was vivid, profane & abbreviated:

Black MarketBlitzFlak

NylonsPin-UpR & RSnafuYank

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Pin-Ups and Yank Magazine

• Every issue of Yank Magazine featured a pin-up to remind soldiers of the girls back home.

• A pin-up of Rita Hayworth is said to have been taped to Fat Boy, the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima in 1945.

• Compare this with the movie Dr. Strangelove: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb.

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Atomic-Bomb Words (McCrum 24)

Atomic HolocaustChain Reaction (cf. Vonnegut’s “Ice Nine”)FalloutFireballFissionFusion

Mushroom CloudTest Site(NOTE: The possibility of nuclear proliferation was one of the causes of Postmodernism & Deconstructionism)

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Coca-Colonialism (McCrum 24)

BudweiserCoca ColaGilletteKellogg’s CornflakesKellogg’s Rice Krispies(“Snap Crackle and Pop” has to be translated into various languages)

KodakMaxwell House CoffeeSchlitzLucky StrikeMarlboro

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Korean and Vietnam Wars (McCrum 25-26)

Korean:BrainwashingChopper (Helicopter)

Vietnam:DefoliateDomino TheoryEscalationFirefightFriendly FireHawks & Doves

Vietnam:MoratoriumNapalmPacificationSearch and DestroyThe Silent Majority (ct. the Vocal Minority)

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David Ofgor, Attaché to the US Embassy in Phnom Penh:

• Talking to journalists:

• “You always write it’s bombing, bombing, bombing. It’s not bombing. It’s air support.” (McCrum 27)

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Regional Dialects (McCrum 27-29)

• Franklin D. Roosevelt (Eastern Money)• Harry Truman (Twangy Missouran)• Dwight Eisenhower, Richard Nixon & Gerald

Ford (American Midwest)• Lyndon Johnson (Southern)• Ronald Reagan & Dan Rather (Network

Standard)• Kennedy Family (New England)• George W. Bush (Texas)

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Valley-Girl/Surfer-Dude:BitchinDudeFor sureGoadyRadTo the maxTotallyTubular

Gay Speech:GayOut of the closetQueerQueen

Women’s Speech:Ms.Letter carrierJOKE: Mannheim Germany Personheim Gerpersonyhttp://caindwarka.com/

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Silicon Valley Words (California) (McCrum 30)

Artificial IntelligenceCD (Compact Disk)DVD (Digital Video Disk)Data ProcessingDisk(ette)Flash DriveHackerInput

InterfaceJump DriveModemOn-LineROM (Read-Only Memory)Software, Hardware, WetwareWord Processor

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British vs. American Global English

• bird, bobby, bonnet, boot, drawing pins, flat, lift, lorry, mate, nappy, petrol, pram, sweets, torch, trunk call

• girl, cop, hood, trunk, thumb tacks, apartment, elevator, truck, buddy, diaper, gas, stroller, candy, flashlight, long-distance call

• colour/color, theater/theatre, tyre/tire• advertisement, laboratory, secretary

• (McCrum 32)http://caindwarka.com/

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!Disadvantages of English as a Global Language

• /š/ shoe, sugar, issue, mansion, mission, nation, suspicion, ocean, conscious, chaperon, schist, fuchsia, pshaw (spelled 13 ways).

• <sh> <ch> <ph> <th> <gh> • Full, reduced, zero grades of consonants• Long, Short, -r, schwa, and zero grades of

vowels• 15 different vowel phonemes• <c> <g> <q> <s> (/s/ /š/ /z/ /ž/) <x>

• (McCrum 42)http://caindwarka.com/

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!!Advantages of English as a Global Language

• Natural Gender, not Grammatical Gender

• Simplified Word Endings resulting in greater flexibility (N V, etc.)

• Teeming Vocabulary (80 % is not Anglo-Saxon) but rather: Arabic, Celtic, Chinese, Dutch, French, German, Hebrew, Hindi, Italian, Japanese, Latin, Scandinavian, Spanish, etc. (McCrum 43) http://caindwarka.com/

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!!!Nilsen PowerPoints

• “Foreign Words in English”

• “Global English”

• Romance and Germanic Words in English”

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References:

Kachru, Braj B. Models of English for the Third World: White Man’s Linguistic Burden or Language Pragmatics?. New York, NY: Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group, 1991.

Kachru, Braj B. The Other Tongue: The Spread of English and Issues of Intelligibility. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1982.

McCrum, Robert, William Cran, and Robert MacNeil. The Story of English. New York, NY: Penguin, 1986. (source of map citations)

McCrum, Robert, William Cran, and Robert MacNeil. The Story of English: Third Revised Edition. New York, NY: Penguin, 2003. (source of text citations)

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