charging and discharging of capacitor.docx

8/9/2019 CHARGING AND DISCHARGING OF CAPACITOR.docx

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PHYSICS PROJECT | PRATYUSH KUMAR, CLASS XII A

KENDRI

YAVIDYALA

YANO.

1

CHARGINGANDDISCHARGINGOFCAPACITORINR-CCIRCUIT


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CONTENT

1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

2. CERTIFICATE

3. INTRODUCTION TO R-C CIRCUIT

4. AIM

5. MATERIALS REQUIRED

6. THEORY

7. PROCEDURE

. O!SER"ATION AND CALCULATION

#. CONCLUSION

1$. REFRENCE


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of

gratitude to my teacher Mr. G. D. SHARMA sir as

well as our principal who gae me the golden

opportunity to do this wonderful pro!ect on the

topic "harging and discharging of capacitor in R#"

circuit$ which also helped me in doing a lot ofResearch and I came to know a%out so many new

things I am really thankful to them.

Secondly I would also like to thank my parents and friends who

helped me a lot in finalizing this project within the limited time

frame. I also thank the authors of various articles that I referred

to. And I also thank our physics lab attendant to allow me doing

my practical work there.

At last I thank all the people who helped me.


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INTRODUCTION

An R-C cic!i" i# $ cic!i" c%n"$inin& $ '#i#"% $n(

c$)$ci"% in #'i'# "% $ )%*' #%!c'. S!c+ cic!i"#

n( ' i/)%"$n" $))0ic$"i%n# in $i%!# $'$# %

#ci'nc' $n( in 2$#ic cic!i"# *+ic+ $c" $# 2!i0(in&

20%c3# % /%('n "'c+n%0%&ic$0 ('ic'#.I" #+%!0( 2' '$00 +'0)!0 i *' &'" c%/%"$20'

*i"+ "+' "'/in%0%&i'# c+$&in& $n(

(i#c+$&in& % c$)$ci"%#.4i5 C%&'()*( +, &&)/+' 6-

A &&)/+' i# $ )$##i' "*%-"'/in$0

'0'c"ic$0 c%/)%n'n" !#'( "% #"%'

'n'&in $n '0'c"ic '0(.In "+' +($!0ic $n$0%&, c+$&' c$i'#

7%*in& "+%!&+ $ *i' $' $n$0%&%!# "%

*$"' 7%*in& "+%!&+ $ )i)'. A c$)$ci"%

i# 0i3' $ !22' /'/2$n' #'$0'( in#i('

$ )i)'. 8$"' /%0'c!0'# c$nn%" )$##

"+%!&+ "+' /'/2$n', 2!" #%/' *$"'c$n /%' 2 #"'"c+in& "+' /'/2$n'.

T+' $n$0%& c0$i'# $ '* $#)'c"# %

c$)$ci"%#6
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passivity_(engineering)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_(electronics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_analogyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_(electronics)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_analogyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passivity_(engineering)


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&he 'ow of current alters the charge on a

capacitor, 9!#" $# "+' 7%* % *$"' c+$n&'# "+')%#i"i%n % "+' /'/2$n'. M%' #)'cic$00,

"+' ':'c" % $n '0'c"ic c!'n" i# "% inc'$#'"+' c+$&' % %n' )0$"' % "+' c$)$ci"%, $n(('c'$#' "+' c+$&' % "+' %"+' )0$"' 2 $n';!$0 $/%!n". T+i# i# 9!#" 0i3' +%*, *+'n *$"'7%* /%'# "+' !22' /'/2$n', i" inc'$#'#"+' $/%!n" % *$"' %n %n' #i(' % "+'/'/2$n', $n( ('c'$#'# "+' $/%!n" % *$"'%n "+' %"+' #i('.

&he more a capacitor is charged$ the larger itsoltage drop< i.'., "+' /%' i" =)!#+'# 2$c3=$&$in#" "+' c+$&in& c!'n". T+i# i# $n$0%&%!#"% "+' $c" "+$" "+' /%' $ /'/2$n' i##"'"c+'(, "+' /%' i" )!#+'# 2$c3 %n "+'*$"'.

"urrent can 'ow (through( a capacitor eenthough no indiidual electron can get from oneside to the other.T+i# i# $n$0%&%!# "% "+' $c""+$" *$"' c$n 7%* "+%!&+ "+' )i)' ''n"+%!&+ n% *$"' /%0'c!0' c$n )$## "+%!&+"+' !22' /'/2$n'. O c%!#', "+' 7%*c$nn%" c%n"in!' "+' #$/' (i'c"i%n %''"

T+' cic!i" (i$&$/ % "+i# '>)'i/'n" i#

&i'n 2'0%*6-

A))0in& Kic++%:# 0$* in "+' $2%' cic!i"

(!in& c+$&in&, i.'. c$)$ci"% i# c%nn'c"'( "%

"+' 2$""'

EVc iRB.. 4i5


12/22

VcQ

C

P!""in& $2%' $0!' in ';. 4i5E

Q

CiR=0

Sinc' idQ

dt

T+''%', E -Q

C -dQ

dt RB

E -

Q

C

dQ

dt R

EC-dQ

dt RC

In"'&$"in& 2%"+ #i('#

0

t1

RC dt 0

Q1

ECQdQ

lnEC

Q

EC tRC . 4ii5

1Q

EC et

RC

H'nc' *' &'", EC (1et

RC)

Sinc' ECB% $ c$)$ci"%T+''%',

B (1et

RC) .. 4iii5H'', c+$&' $" "i/' "


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% /$> c+$&'

A0#% CV $n( %CV%, *+'' V $n( V%$' %0"$&'

$" "i/' " $n( /$> %0"$&' '#)'c"i'0

T+''%' %/ '; 4iii5,

CVCV% (1et

RC)

VV% (1et

RC) , "+i# i# "+' ';!i'( '>)'##i%n.

NOTE6- T+i# i# "+' c+$&in& ';!$"i%n %n0, %(i#c+$&in& ';!$"i%n )%c''( "+' #$/' *$ 2!"

%n0 '/%' E %/ Kic++%: 0$*# ';!$"i%n.

T+!# ';!$"i%n % (i#c+$&in&,

VVB (et

RC)

8+'n RC", "+'n ';!$"i%n 2'c%/'#,

VV% (1e1 )

8+ic+ %n #%0in& &i'#

VB.V%, i.'. "+' %0"$&' %n c$)$ci"% $" "i/'

"RC 2'c%/'# % "+' /$> %0"$&', *+ic+

/'$n# % "%"$0 c+$&' +$# 2''n #"%'( in "+'

c$)$ci"%.


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T+i# )%(!c" % R $n( C +$# 2''n &i'n $ n'* n$/', i.'. /)

+*0/&*/$n( i# ('n%"'( 2 , *+ic+ /'$n# % $n c$)$ci"% in

RC cic!i" % "%"$0 c+$&' i# #"%'( $" "i/' c%n#"$n".

In / '>)'i/'n" I +$' !#'( $ 1BBF c$)$ci"% $n( $ 1M'#i#"% "+!# "i/' c%n#"$n" 1BBQ1B -Q1B1$$ 0.

PROCEDURE

i. C%nn'c" $00 "+' c%/)%n'n"# in "+'

2'$(2%$( $# #+%*n in "+' %00%*in&

)ic"!'

ii. N%* "$3' /!0"i/'"' 0'$(# $n( )0$c' "+'/

in "+' "*% "'/in$0# .iii. @'%' )%c''(in& !"+' *' /!#" +$' $

2i" % 3n%*0'(&' $2%!" 2'$(2%$(. A

2'$(2%$( i# $ #i/)0' cic!i" 2!i0(in&

('ic' !#'( "% 2!i0( "'/)%$ cic!i"# 9!#"

"% "'#" "+'i *%3in&. I" i# ' #i/)0' "%

*%3 *i"+ $# i" (%'# n%" ';!i' $n

#%0('in& % $""$c+/'n" % c%/)%n'n"#.

T+' c%/)%n'n"# c%!0( 2' 9!#" )!#+'( in

"+' +%0'# $n( c%nn'c"i%n# c%!0( 2' /$('

'$#i0. A #"$i&+" 0in' )$""'n % +%0'#


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'#'/20'# $ *i' $n( "+' $$n&'/'n" %

"+'#' +%0'# $' #+%*n 2'0%*6-


16/22

i. N%* "$3' "+' 2$""' $n( c%nn'c" i"#

"'/in$0# $c%## "+' "'/in$0# % "+'

c$)$ci"% $n( #"$" "+' #"%) *$"c+. N%"'

"+' '$(in $" B#'c in"'$0# $n( *i"'"+'/ (%*n. NOTE6- R'$(in& "+' )'i%!# #"$"'/'n" c%!0( 2'

$#"%ni#+in& $# i" #$# "+$" /'$#!' %0"$&' $" B#'c

in"'$0 2!" %n' c%!0( ;!'#"i%n "+$" c!'n" /%' $"

' +i&+ #)''( #% +%* c%!0( %n' /'$#!' "+'

c+$n&in& '$(in @!" 2'0i'' /' i" *$#n" $n '$#

"$#3 2!" #inc' "+' %0"$&' (')'n(# %n 'ci)%c$0 %

'>)%n'n"i$0 !nc"i%n $n( $# "i/' )$##'# 2 "+'c+$n&in& '$(in *i00 &'" #0%*'( (%*n $n( ''n $"'

inni"' "i/' "+' c$)$ci"% c%!0( n%" 2' c+$&'( !) "%

/$> %0"$&'. A0#% #inc' i"# "i/' c%n#"$n" i# 1BB #'c

*+ic+ i# ;!i"' )$c"ic$0 "% /'$#!' $" $n( +'nc' "+i#

'>)'i/'n" i# ' /!c+ 9!#"i'(

. T$3' 1B '$(in $n( i ';!i'( "+' B#'c

&$) c%!0( 2' inc'$#'( 2'c$!#' $# "+'

"i/' )$##'# 2 "+' c+$n&' in %0"$&'

2'c%/'# #/$00' $n( #/$00'.i. N%* 0'" "+' c$)$ci"% 2' c+$&'( !) "%

B #'c 2'c$!#' "+'n i" *i00 2'c%/'

. c+$&'( #inc' *' +$' $ 0i/i"'(

"i/' $n( *' c$n" *$i" % inni"' "i/' %

i" "% c+$&' c%/)0'"'0. N%* '/%' "+'2$""' $n( n%* $""$c+ $ *i' in )0$c' %

"+' 2$""' "'/in$0# $n( $&$in n%"' "+'

/!0"i/'"' '$(in c+$n&in& $n( 'c%(

"+'/.


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Vii. P0%" $ &$)+ 2'"*''n %0"$&' $n( "i/' %

c+$&in&

$# *'00 $# (i#c+$&in&.

1. O0'&/)+*0 &*

&&/)+*08-

S.*

+.

M/)/'

'&)*( 9%)

%&'()*(: )* +/;

M/)/'

'&)*( 9%)

)0%&'()*(:)*

+/;

T) : )*

0+*0;

1. B . B

2. 1. . B

3. .B .BB B

4. .11 .1 B

5. .B .B B

6. 5.6# 3.3$ 1$$ :i#

). F% c+$&in&


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B 1BB BB BB BB

B

1

%&'()*( +, &&)/+'

Y-V$0!'#

4ii5B B 1BB 1B BB B BB B

B

1

1B

D)0%&'()*( +, &&)/+'

Y-V$0!'#

F% (i#c+$&in&6-


19/22

T+' %i&in$0 &$)+# % (i#c+$&in& $n( c+$&in&

'#)'c"i'0 $'6-


20/22

CALCLATIONS:

N%* #inc' "+' &$)+# $' ' /!c+ #i/i0$ "% "+' &$)+# %

c+$&in& $n( (i#c+$&in& % c$)$ci"%.

A" 1BB#'c, (!in& c+$&in& % c$)$ci"% "+' %0"$&' %n

c$)$ci"% i# . %0" $# i" i# %2#''( in "+' '>)'i/'n". N%*

!#in& "+' c+$&in& %/!0$6-

V41- et

t 5

V41-1

e 5

V. 5.69 *+ic+ i# $c+i''( '>)'i/'n"$00 $# *'00.

Si/i0$0 (!in& (i#c+$&in&,

V e1

V..B *+ic+ i# $c+i''( '>)'i/'n"$00 $# *'00.


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CONCLUSION:

H'nc' i" i# 'i'( '>)'i/'n"$00 "+$" c+$&'i# "+'' %n c$)$ci"% $"' "i/' c%n#"$n" (!in&

c+$&in& $n( c+$&' i# 0%#" $" "i/' c%n#"$n"

(!in& (i#c+$&in&.

RERENCE:

G%%&0'.c%.in

En.*i3i)'(i$.%&

C%nc')"# % )+#ic# )$" 2 H.C. V'/$

T+i# )%9'c" i# c%/)0'"'0 c'$"'( *i"+ "+' +'0) % Mic%#%"*%( BB $n( "+' &$)+#, ';!$"i%n# $n( %2#'$"i%n "$20'#

$' $0#% c'$"'( *i"+ "+' +'0) % "+' #$/'.


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charging and discharging of capacitor.docx

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