characterization history matching

8/9/2019 Characterization History Matching

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Reservoir Characteri

The Dilemma ofUnknowns t

Reservoir Characteri

The Dilemma ofUnknowns t

TurgayTurgay

Penn StatePenn State

ation and Simulation:

iving with Morean Equations

ation and Simulation:

iving with Morean Equations

ErtekinErtekin

UniversityUniversity


2/20

OUOU

Reservoir characterization and syReservoir characterization and sy

Reservoir characterization and mReservoir characterization and m

Synergy in reservoir simulationSynergy in reservoir simulation

Reservoir characterization from fiReservoir characterization from fi

SummarySummary

LINELINE

nergy in reservoir managementnergy in reservoir management

thematical models of the reservoirthematical models of the reservoir

ld datald data


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Optimizing the POptimizing the P

CharacterizeCharacterizethe reservoirthe reservoir

Define operatingDefine operating

alternativesalternatives

Simulation modelSimulation model

Input dataInput data

History matchingHistory matching

rformance of a Fieldrformance of a Field

ake predictionsake predictions

or differentor different

cenarioscenarios

Analyze resultsAnalyze results

andand

make decisionsmake decisions

Economic modelEconomic model


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What is ReservoiWhat is Reservoi

A managing tool for ourA managing tool for our(1) Begins prior to acquisition an(1) Begins prior to acquisition an

of the life cycle, andof the life cycle, and

(2) Describes the critical set of a(2) Describes the critical set of a

for effective reservoir assetfor effective reservoir asset

(1) Reservoir is the primary ass(1) Reservoir is the primary ass

(2) Data acquisition involves:(2) Data acquisition involves:

forward planningforward planning

cost/benefit analysiscost/benefit analysisfocusing on critical uncertaifocusing on critical uncertai

considering short term/longconsidering short term/long

Uses multiUses multi--disciplinary tdisciplinary t

Characterization?Characterization?

ost important assetost important assetd continues through all phasesd continues through all phases

tivities and decisions neededtivities and decisions needed

anagementanagement

tt

tiesties

term objectivesterm objectives

amsams


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What is ReservWhat is Reserv

STATIC DESCRIPTION:STATIC DESCRIPTION:

How much hydrocarbon there isHow much hydrocarbon there is

in place.in place.

DYNAMIC DESCRIPTION:DYNAMIC DESCRIPTION:

How much of it and at what rateHow much of it and at what rate

can be recoveredcan be recovered

ir Characterization?ir Characterization?

forms the foundation for theforms the foundation for the

other analysis steps.other analysis steps.


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What is ReservoiWhat is Reservoi

OBJECTIVES:OBJECTIVES:

Identifying key reservoir featuresIdentifying key reservoir features

en y ng ma n r ve mec an smsen y ng ma n r ve mec an sms

Determining reservoir volumetricsDetermining reservoir volumetrics

Monitoring performanceMonitoring performance

Characterization?Characterization?

ACQUIREACQUIRE--EXPLOREEXPLORE--APPRAISEAPPRAISE

PRODUCEPRODUCE

DISPOSEDISPOSE


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Reservoir CReservoir CReservoir CReservoir C

Reservoir moReservoir moReservoir moReservoir mo

FluidFluid

characterizationcharacterization

FluidFluid


RockRock


RockRock


aracterizationaracterizationaracterizationaracterization

elelelelRegionalRegional

depositionaldepositional

studiesstudies

RegionalRegional

depositionaldepositional

studiesstudies

GeologicGeologic

modelingmodeling

GeologicGeologic

modelingmodeling

Field & wellField & well

productionproduction

informationinformation

Field & wellField & well

productionproduction

informationinformation

SeismicSeismic

surveysurvey

SeismicSeismic

surveysurvey


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Sources ofSources of

oo Geophysical DataGeophysical Data

oo Geological DataGeological Data

Geological ProcesGeological Proces

DepositionDeposition

DiagenesisDiagenesis

Outcrop / AnalogyOutcrop / Analogy

Core DataCore Data

OpenOpen--Hole Log DHole Log D

Engineering DataEngineering Data

CasedCased--Hole LogHole Log

Pressure TransienPressure Transien

Historical ProductiHistorical Producti

PVT AnalysisPVT Analysis

Tracer StudiesTracer Studies

ataata

sesses

StudiesStudies

tata

ataata

t Datat Data

on Dataon Data


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Data: PotentialData: Potential

PorosityPorosityoo Core: Core Scale, High ConfidenceCore: Core Scale, High Confidence

oo OpenOpen--Hole Logs: Reservoir Scale, High ConfiHole Logs: Reservoir Scale, High Confi

PermeabilityPermeabilityoo Core Permeability: Core Scale, High ConCore Permeability: Core Scale, High Con

oo OpenOpen--Hole Logs: Reservoir Scale, LowHole Logs: Reservoir Scale, Low

oo Averaged Value over Several Flow UnitsAveraged Value over Several Flow Units

Reservoir PressureReservoir Pressureoo Formation Wireline Tester: ReservoiFormation Wireline Tester: Reservoi

Units)Units)oo Pressure Transient Analysis:ReservPressure Transient Analysis:Reserv

Represent Averaged Value over SevRepresent Averaged Value over Sev

reas of Conflictreas of Conflict

enceence

fidencefidence

onfidence (Derived)onfidence (Derived),,

within Test Interval)within Test Interval)

Scale, High Confidence (Individual FlowScale, High Confidence (Individual Flow

ir Scale, Medium Confidence (Mayir Scale, Medium Confidence (Mayeral Flow Units within Test Interval)eral Flow Units within Test Interval)


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Initial SaturationsInitial Saturations

oo Core: Core Scale, Medium ConfidencCore: Core Scale, Medium Confidenc

oo OpenOpen--Hole Logs: Reservoir Scale, HigHole Logs: Reservoir Scale, Hig

oo CasedCased--Hole Logs: Reservoir Scale, MHole Logs: Reservoir Scale, M

Conditions)Conditions)

EndEnd--Point SaturationsPoint Saturations

oo Core: Core Scale, High/Medium ConfiCore: Core Scale, High/Medium Confi

oo OpenOpen--Hole Logs:Hole Logs:

Swir: Reservoir Scale, High ConfidSwir: Reservoir Scale, High Confid

Sorw: Reservoir Scale, Medium/LSorw: Reservoir Scale, Medium/LSorw has been Reached, Only FoSorw has been Reached, Only Fo

oo CasedCased--Log Derived:Log Derived:

Sorw: Reservoir Scale, High/MediSorw: Reservoir Scale, High/Medi

Sorw has been Reached)Sorw has been Reached)


(Represents Small Sample)(Represents Small Sample)

h Confidenceh Confidence

dium Confidence (May Represent Sweptdium Confidence (May Represent Swept

enceence

enceence

w Confidence (Uncertainty over whetherw Confidence (Uncertainty over whethernd in Innd in In--fill Wells)fill Wells)

m Confidence (Uncertainty over whetherm Confidence (Uncertainty over whether


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Transition Zone HeightsTransition Zone Heights

oo Core: Core Scale, Medium CoCore: Core Scale, Medium Co

Core Represents Small SampCore Represents Small Samp

oo OpenOpen--Hole Logs: Reservoir SHole Logs: Reservoir S

Fluid ContactsFluid Contacts

oo Scale is not an IssueScale is not an Issue

oo OpenOpen--Hole Logs: High ConfidHole Logs: High Confid

Lithological Effects)Lithological Effects)

oo Wireline Formation Tester: HiWireline Formation Tester: Hi

oo Seismic: Medium/Low: SeismiSeismic: Medium/Low: Seismi

Requires Velocity Model)Requires Velocity Model)


nfidence (Capillary Pressure fromnfidence (Capillary Pressure from

le)le)

ale, High Confidenceale, High Confidence

nce (May be Masked bynce (May be Masked by

h Confidenceh Confidence

c Flat Events not Always Apparent,c Flat Events not Always Apparent,


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Data: ResolutionData: Resolution Always give more Weight to DatAlways give more Weight to Dat

oo Contain a High Degree of ConfidenContain a High Degree of Confiden Pressure Transient PermeabilityPressure Transient Permeability

UnsteadyUnsteady--State Relative PermeState Relative Perme

PermeabilityPermeability

BottomBottom--Hole PVT Samples versHole PVT Samples vers

oo Are Measured at the Appropriate ScAre Measured at the Appropriate Sc

Pressure Transient Data versusPressure Transient Data versus

oo Are Representative of the ProcesseAre Representative of the Processe

Differential (Variable CompositioDifferential (Variable Compositio

Composition) PVT DataComposition) PVT Data Imbibition (Increasing Wetting PImbibition (Increasing Wetting P

(Decreasing Wetting Phase Sat(Decreasing Wetting Phase Sat

Pressure Data for Water Wet RePressure Data for Water Wet Re

Preliminary Versions of the FlowPreliminary Versions of the Flow

Conflicting Data to Determine FuConflicting Data to Determine Fu

of Data Conflictsof Data Conflictswhich:which:

eeversus Log Derived Permeabilityversus Log Derived Permeability

bility versus Steady State Relativebility versus Steady State Relative

s Recombined Separator Sampless Recombined Separator Samples

ale for the Reservoir Modelale for the Reservoir Model

Core DataCore Data

Occurring in the ReservoirOccurring in the Reservoir

n) PVT Data versus Flash (Constantn) PVT Data versus Flash (Constant

ase Saturation) versus Drainagease Saturation) versus Drainage

ration) Relative Permeability and Capillaryration) Relative Permeability and Capillary

servoirsservoirs

Model can be Used to ScreenModel can be Used to Screen

rther Course of Actionrther Course of Action


13/20

A Conceptual M

Charact

A Conceptual M

Charact

CollectCollect

evaluatevaluat

Identify crIdentify cr

cost/benecost/bene

Design dataDesign data

acquisition planacquisition plan

del for Reservoir

rization

del for Reservoir

rization

andand

datadata

Interpret/improveInterpret/improve

reservoir desciptionreservoir desciption

itical risksitical risks

it analysisit analysis


14/20

Synergism in ResSynergism in Res

Key Questions:Key Questions:

What does the reservoir look like?What does the reservoir look like?

What is its external geometry?What is its external geometry?

What is the continuity of the internalWhat is the continuity of the internal

pore space and fluids?pore space and fluids?

Will the reservoir have an effectiveWill the reservoir have an effectivena ura wa er r ve so, w a s ena ura wa er r ve so, w a s e

aquifer geometry, continuity and strength?aquifer geometry, continuity and strength?

Where should wells and platforms beWhere should wells and platforms be

located?located?

How should wells be completed andHow should wells be completed and

perforated?perforated?

Will recoveries be better by water or gasWill recoveries be better by water or gas

displacement?displacement?

Will improved recovery technology be neeWill improved recovery technology be nee

and when?and when?

ervoir Managementervoir Management

Modern ReservoirModern Reservoir

Management:Management:

TeamworkTeamwork

eded

Close coordinationClose coordination

GeologistsGeologists

GeophysicistsGeophysicists

EngineersEngineersPetrophysicistsPetrophysicists


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Synergism aSynergism a

Advantages:Advantages: common goal with specificcommon goal with specific

objectivesobjectives

focusing early on key issuesfocusing early on key issues

diverse specialistsdiverse specialists

savings in time and costsavings in time and cost

Barriers:Barriers:

diverse persdiverse pers lack of goodlack of good

resistance toresistance to

d Organizationd Organization

Disadvantages:Disadvantages:

training in teamworktraining in teamwork

recognition of contributionsrecognition of contributions

personnel problemspersonnel problems

emergency response attitudeemergency response attitude

nalitiesnalitiescommunication skillscommunication skills

the concept of sharingthe concept of sharing


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11. ACQUIRE. ACQUIRE 2.2. EXEX

e yc ee yc e

5.5. PRPR6.6. DISPOSEDISPOSE

LORELORE 3.3. APPRAISEAPPRAISE

an ssean sse

4.4. DEVELOPDEVELOPDUCEDUCE


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GeoloGeolo

ReseRese

AcquireAcquire--ExplorExplor

EnginEngin

PetrophysicistPetrophysicistRatRat

Drive MecDrive Mec

AquifeAquife

istist

vesves

and Appraiseand Appraise

eereer

GeophysicistGeophysicistss

anismsanisms

SizeSize

DATA AVAILABLE:DATA AVAILABLE:

Seismic surveysSeismic surveys

LogsLogs

Cores, fluid samplesCores, fluid samples

Well testsWell tests


18/20

GeoloGeolo

Well loWell lo

PlanninPlannin

ReseRese

EngiEngi

Drilling EngineerDrilling Engineer

NumberNumber

NumberNumber

and plaand pla

istist

ationsations

phasephase

voirvoir

neerneer

GeophysicistGeophysicist

f wellsf wells

of rigsof rigs

formsforms


FineFine--grid seismic linesgrid seismic lines

More logsMore logs

More cores, fluid samplesMore cores, fluid samples

More well testsMore well tests


19/20

GeoloGeolo

ProdProd

ProduProdu

EngiEngi

ReservoirReservoir

EngineerEngineer

workoverworkover

ProductionProduction

HandlingHandling

istist

uceuce

ctionction

neerneer


planningplanning

strategiesstrategies

of fluidsof fluids


FineFine--grid seismic linesgrid seismic lines

Logs on all wellsLogs on all wells

Cores on 25% of wellsCores on 25% of wells

Well testsWell tests


20/20

GeoloGeolo

SurveillaSurveilla

ProduProdu

EngiEngi

ReservoirReservoir

EngineerEngineer

Revised prRevised pr

injection sinjection s

istist

ce phasece phase

ctionction

eereer


oductionoduction

trategiestrategies


Pressure surveysPressure surveys

GOR and WORGOR and WOR

Wellbore surveysWellbore surveys

characterization history matching

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