characteristics of living things 1. composed of cells 1. composed of cells all living things are...
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Characteristics of Living Things
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1. COMPOSED OF CELLS1. COMPOSED OF CELLS
All living things are made up of at least one cell
Cell – Basic or smallest unit of
life
Membrane bound structure in which all life processes are carried out
All organisms are organized at the cellular level.
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2. IDENTIFY AND RESPOND 2. IDENTIFY AND RESPOND TO STIMULITO STIMULI
• Stimulus is anything that may cause an organism to react - Loud noises, hunger
• Response - the reaction to something in the environment - Run/cover ears, Eat/hunt for food
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Homeostasis – maintaining a stable internal environment
Adaptation – Change in traits
over time that help an organism survive better in an environment; inheritable changes
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3. REPRODUCE3. REPRODUCE Asexual – single
parent (cell) produces offspring identical to parent
Sexual – 2 parents (cells) produce unique offspring having characteristics or traits of each parent
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Offspring identical to parent (clone)
2 parent cells
Reproduction
Pass traits onto next
generation
(heredity)
1 parent cell
Used to make more cells for growth & replacement
Offspring show combination of parents (Unique) Used to make new multi-celled organisms
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4. Contain DNA4. Contain DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Genetic material that contains the “blueprints” for each organism
Provides directions for the making of proteins
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5. OBTAIN & USE ENERGY5. OBTAIN & USE ENERGY
Required to carry out life processes- making and breaking down food, movement of materials and building of cells
Metabolism – the sum of all the chemical processes in an organism
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METABOLISMMETABOLISMThe Sum of All Biochemical ProcessesThe Sum of All Biochemical Processes
Obtaining Nutrition Sun is the source of most energy
Producers - Make food - photosynthesis
Consumers – Eat other organisms
Decomposers – Digest externally then absorb nutrients
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2. Respiration – Mixing food with oxygen (O2) to release energy
Food + O2 H2O + Waste
Energy
3. Synthesis – Process of putting together or building upMaking more cells – GrowthRepair or Replace old cells
1. Digestion - Breaking down of large food particles into smaller pieces
4. Excretion – removal of wastes
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6. GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT6. GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT
Growth is the increase in size of an organism
Surface-to-volume ratio limits how large a cell can grow
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Growth in Single-Celled Growth in Single-Celled OrganismsOrganisms
In single-celled organisms growth occurs by an increase in cell size
Cell can either stay big or divide
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Growth in Multi-celled Growth in Multi-celled OrganismsOrganisms
In multi-celled organisms growth occurs by production of new cells
Increases the total number of cells in the organism
Increases total surface to volume ratio
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DevelopmentDevelopmentDevelopment is all the
changes an organism undergoes as it grows and matures
Ex. Newborn puppies can’t see at birth
Ex. Human babies develop the ability to speak and walk
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Stages in Human Life CycleStages in Human Life CycleBirth Infancy Childhood Adolescence Adulthood Advanced Adulthood Death
7. LIFE SPAN7. LIFE SPANAll organisms, and individual cells,
have a specific life span
Includes: Birth Death
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4 Basic Needs of All Living Things
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Food Needed to provide
Energy to carry out life processes Ultimate source of energy
is the sun
Can get food as a producer, consumer or decomposer
Provides raw materials for growth and repair
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WaterWater Cells contain ~70%
water Needed to release
energy in food and for other biochemical reactions
Required for transporting materials throughout organism
Helps with dissolving or diluting waste products
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Air or GasesAir or Gases Carbon Dioxide (CO2) required for
photosynthesis - converting of energy from sun into food (glucose) organisms can use
Oxygen (O2) required for respiration- releasing of energy from food (glucose) into energy organism can use
Other gases are needed in smaller amounts for various life processes; not required by all organisms
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EnvironmentEnvironment Abiotic-non-living
parts; physical features such as air, water, temperature (climate)
Must contain all the needs for that organism to survive
Biotic - living parts; other organisms that meet all 7 characteristicsLiving things may have to compete for their living space