characteristics of life - susquehanna township school district › cms › lib2 › pa01001586 ›...
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Characteristics of Life What does it mean to be alive
1 Cellsbull Smallest unit capable of all life functions
bull Unicellular ndash single celled ORGANISM
bull BACTERIA
bull PROTISTS
bull Multicellular ndash ORGANISM MADE OF MANY CELLS (SPECIALIZED)
bull PLANTS
bull ANIMALS
bull Most Fungi
bull Contains DNA ndash heredity material passed from parent to offspring
bull DNA contain genes that code for traits
bull Mutations change the DNA code
2 Ability to Reproducebull Sexual ndash 2 parents joining of egg and sperm
genetically different offspring
bullAsexual ndash 1 parent genetically identical offspringbull Buddingbull Regenerationbull Binary fission
3 Obtain Energy
bull Photosynthesis - a process where organisms turn CO2 and H2O into carbohydrates and oxygen using light energy
bull Producers are Autotrophs
bull Plants and bacteria
bull Respiration - a process in cells leading to the production of energy by the breakdown of organic substances (not just breathing)bull Consumers are Heterotrophs
bull Herbivore -plants
bull Omnivore - both
bull Carnivore ndash meat
4 Use Energybull Metabolism - the sum of the physical and chemical processes in an organism
by which its material substance is produced maintained and destroyed and by which energy is made available bull Anabolism + Catabolism = Metabolism
bull Anabolism ndash building up complex substancesbull photosynthesis
bull Catabolism - breaking down complex substances into simpler substances to release energybull Digestion bull Cellular respiration
5 Growth
bull Usually this is through an increase in the number of cells bigger in size
6 Development
bull change in the physical form or physiological make-up of an organism
7 Respond to Stimulibull 5 senses are used to pick up external stimuli
bull Varying cells are used to pick up internal stimuli
bull Both allow you to maintain homeostasis
Organisms react to stimuli
Light - Plants grow towards light
Temperature - Body shivers
Odor - Mating odor
Sound - Startle or jump
Gravity -Water flow
Heat - Blood flow
Water - urination
8 Life Span
bull A lifespan is the average number of years an individual from a given species is expected to live
bull --mayflies live one day
bull --a tortoise for 180+ years
bull --bristlecone pine tree 4600 years
bull --a human 122 years
1 Cellsbull Smallest unit capable of all life functions
bull Unicellular ndash single celled ORGANISM
bull BACTERIA
bull PROTISTS
bull Multicellular ndash ORGANISM MADE OF MANY CELLS (SPECIALIZED)
bull PLANTS
bull ANIMALS
bull Most Fungi
bull Contains DNA ndash heredity material passed from parent to offspring
bull DNA contain genes that code for traits
bull Mutations change the DNA code
2 Ability to Reproducebull Sexual ndash 2 parents joining of egg and sperm
genetically different offspring
bullAsexual ndash 1 parent genetically identical offspringbull Buddingbull Regenerationbull Binary fission
3 Obtain Energy
bull Photosynthesis - a process where organisms turn CO2 and H2O into carbohydrates and oxygen using light energy
bull Producers are Autotrophs
bull Plants and bacteria
bull Respiration - a process in cells leading to the production of energy by the breakdown of organic substances (not just breathing)bull Consumers are Heterotrophs
bull Herbivore -plants
bull Omnivore - both
bull Carnivore ndash meat
4 Use Energybull Metabolism - the sum of the physical and chemical processes in an organism
by which its material substance is produced maintained and destroyed and by which energy is made available bull Anabolism + Catabolism = Metabolism
bull Anabolism ndash building up complex substancesbull photosynthesis
bull Catabolism - breaking down complex substances into simpler substances to release energybull Digestion bull Cellular respiration
5 Growth
bull Usually this is through an increase in the number of cells bigger in size
6 Development
bull change in the physical form or physiological make-up of an organism
7 Respond to Stimulibull 5 senses are used to pick up external stimuli
bull Varying cells are used to pick up internal stimuli
bull Both allow you to maintain homeostasis
Organisms react to stimuli
Light - Plants grow towards light
Temperature - Body shivers
Odor - Mating odor
Sound - Startle or jump
Gravity -Water flow
Heat - Blood flow
Water - urination
8 Life Span
bull A lifespan is the average number of years an individual from a given species is expected to live
bull --mayflies live one day
bull --a tortoise for 180+ years
bull --bristlecone pine tree 4600 years
bull --a human 122 years
2 Ability to Reproducebull Sexual ndash 2 parents joining of egg and sperm
genetically different offspring
bullAsexual ndash 1 parent genetically identical offspringbull Buddingbull Regenerationbull Binary fission
3 Obtain Energy
bull Photosynthesis - a process where organisms turn CO2 and H2O into carbohydrates and oxygen using light energy
bull Producers are Autotrophs
bull Plants and bacteria
bull Respiration - a process in cells leading to the production of energy by the breakdown of organic substances (not just breathing)bull Consumers are Heterotrophs
bull Herbivore -plants
bull Omnivore - both
bull Carnivore ndash meat
4 Use Energybull Metabolism - the sum of the physical and chemical processes in an organism
by which its material substance is produced maintained and destroyed and by which energy is made available bull Anabolism + Catabolism = Metabolism
bull Anabolism ndash building up complex substancesbull photosynthesis
bull Catabolism - breaking down complex substances into simpler substances to release energybull Digestion bull Cellular respiration
5 Growth
bull Usually this is through an increase in the number of cells bigger in size
6 Development
bull change in the physical form or physiological make-up of an organism
7 Respond to Stimulibull 5 senses are used to pick up external stimuli
bull Varying cells are used to pick up internal stimuli
bull Both allow you to maintain homeostasis
Organisms react to stimuli
Light - Plants grow towards light
Temperature - Body shivers
Odor - Mating odor
Sound - Startle or jump
Gravity -Water flow
Heat - Blood flow
Water - urination
8 Life Span
bull A lifespan is the average number of years an individual from a given species is expected to live
bull --mayflies live one day
bull --a tortoise for 180+ years
bull --bristlecone pine tree 4600 years
bull --a human 122 years
3 Obtain Energy
bull Photosynthesis - a process where organisms turn CO2 and H2O into carbohydrates and oxygen using light energy
bull Producers are Autotrophs
bull Plants and bacteria
bull Respiration - a process in cells leading to the production of energy by the breakdown of organic substances (not just breathing)bull Consumers are Heterotrophs
bull Herbivore -plants
bull Omnivore - both
bull Carnivore ndash meat
4 Use Energybull Metabolism - the sum of the physical and chemical processes in an organism
by which its material substance is produced maintained and destroyed and by which energy is made available bull Anabolism + Catabolism = Metabolism
bull Anabolism ndash building up complex substancesbull photosynthesis
bull Catabolism - breaking down complex substances into simpler substances to release energybull Digestion bull Cellular respiration
5 Growth
bull Usually this is through an increase in the number of cells bigger in size
6 Development
bull change in the physical form or physiological make-up of an organism
7 Respond to Stimulibull 5 senses are used to pick up external stimuli
bull Varying cells are used to pick up internal stimuli
bull Both allow you to maintain homeostasis
Organisms react to stimuli
Light - Plants grow towards light
Temperature - Body shivers
Odor - Mating odor
Sound - Startle or jump
Gravity -Water flow
Heat - Blood flow
Water - urination
8 Life Span
bull A lifespan is the average number of years an individual from a given species is expected to live
bull --mayflies live one day
bull --a tortoise for 180+ years
bull --bristlecone pine tree 4600 years
bull --a human 122 years
4 Use Energybull Metabolism - the sum of the physical and chemical processes in an organism
by which its material substance is produced maintained and destroyed and by which energy is made available bull Anabolism + Catabolism = Metabolism
bull Anabolism ndash building up complex substancesbull photosynthesis
bull Catabolism - breaking down complex substances into simpler substances to release energybull Digestion bull Cellular respiration
5 Growth
bull Usually this is through an increase in the number of cells bigger in size
6 Development
bull change in the physical form or physiological make-up of an organism
7 Respond to Stimulibull 5 senses are used to pick up external stimuli
bull Varying cells are used to pick up internal stimuli
bull Both allow you to maintain homeostasis
Organisms react to stimuli
Light - Plants grow towards light
Temperature - Body shivers
Odor - Mating odor
Sound - Startle or jump
Gravity -Water flow
Heat - Blood flow
Water - urination
8 Life Span
bull A lifespan is the average number of years an individual from a given species is expected to live
bull --mayflies live one day
bull --a tortoise for 180+ years
bull --bristlecone pine tree 4600 years
bull --a human 122 years
5 Growth
bull Usually this is through an increase in the number of cells bigger in size
6 Development
bull change in the physical form or physiological make-up of an organism
7 Respond to Stimulibull 5 senses are used to pick up external stimuli
bull Varying cells are used to pick up internal stimuli
bull Both allow you to maintain homeostasis
Organisms react to stimuli
Light - Plants grow towards light
Temperature - Body shivers
Odor - Mating odor
Sound - Startle or jump
Gravity -Water flow
Heat - Blood flow
Water - urination
8 Life Span
bull A lifespan is the average number of years an individual from a given species is expected to live
bull --mayflies live one day
bull --a tortoise for 180+ years
bull --bristlecone pine tree 4600 years
bull --a human 122 years
6 Development
bull change in the physical form or physiological make-up of an organism
7 Respond to Stimulibull 5 senses are used to pick up external stimuli
bull Varying cells are used to pick up internal stimuli
bull Both allow you to maintain homeostasis
Organisms react to stimuli
Light - Plants grow towards light
Temperature - Body shivers
Odor - Mating odor
Sound - Startle or jump
Gravity -Water flow
Heat - Blood flow
Water - urination
8 Life Span
bull A lifespan is the average number of years an individual from a given species is expected to live
bull --mayflies live one day
bull --a tortoise for 180+ years
bull --bristlecone pine tree 4600 years
bull --a human 122 years
7 Respond to Stimulibull 5 senses are used to pick up external stimuli
bull Varying cells are used to pick up internal stimuli
bull Both allow you to maintain homeostasis
Organisms react to stimuli
Light - Plants grow towards light
Temperature - Body shivers
Odor - Mating odor
Sound - Startle or jump
Gravity -Water flow
Heat - Blood flow
Water - urination
8 Life Span
bull A lifespan is the average number of years an individual from a given species is expected to live
bull --mayflies live one day
bull --a tortoise for 180+ years
bull --bristlecone pine tree 4600 years
bull --a human 122 years
8 Life Span
bull A lifespan is the average number of years an individual from a given species is expected to live
bull --mayflies live one day
bull --a tortoise for 180+ years
bull --bristlecone pine tree 4600 years
bull --a human 122 years