characteristics of augmentative and alternative ... · • eye gaze boards • used as back up to...
TRANSCRIPT
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Characteristics of Augmentative
and Alternative Communication
Technology
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Learning Outcomes
• Identify the major communication needs of persons with disabilities
• Identify the major characteristics of AAC devices
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How do we communicate?
Expressive Communication• Convey a message• Speech• Gestures, writing and signing• AAC tools and strategies for people with severe
speech and/or motor control impairments• Facial expression
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How do we communicate?
Receptive Communication• Receiving and understanding • Listening and auditory processing• Cues: touch/tactile, object, olfactory/smell, visual,
kinesthetic/movement, auditory/sound
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AAC Functions
Conversation• To improve the ability to converse with
others for:• Expression of wants, needs, and feelings• Information transfer• Social closeness• Social etiquette
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AAC Functions
Conversation
• To expand interaction strategies to include:
• Choices
• Initiation
• Greetings
• Requests
• Information exchange
• Commenting
• Conversational repair
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AAC Functions
Conversation
• To increase or optimize communication rate
• Natural speech communication 150-250 wpm
• Single finger typing 10 wpm
• Single switch scanning up to 5 wpm
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AAC Functions
Written communication
• To improve independent writing for:
• Note Taking
• Messaging
• Formal writing
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AAC Functions
Communicative competence (Light, 1989)
• To expand or improve operational competence
• Using the device
• To expand or improve linguistic competence
• A person’s ability to manipulate or use language
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AAC Functions
Communicative competence (Light, 1989)
• To expand or improve social competence
• To improve social closeness and etiquette
• To expand or improve strategic competence
• To optimize the content and speed of communication,
repair misinterpreted messages
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AAC Functions
Receptive Language
• Increase understanding of language using Aided Language Stimulation
• Modeling of the communication system by a communication partner
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AAC Systems include:
Low-Tech/Non-Electronic
• Manual communication boards & books
• Eye gaze boards
• Used as Back up to High Tech systems
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Low-Tech/Non-Electronic
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AAC Systems include:
AAC Devices
• Non-speech-generating AAC Devices
• Speech Generating Devices (SGDs)
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Human/Technology Interface• Input device or control interface• Selection (or symbol) set• Display layout/arrangement• Selection method
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Human/Technology Interface
Input device or control interface• Keyboards• Single switch• Switch array• Joystick• Mouse emulation• Eye Gaze
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Human/Technology Interface
Selection (or symbol) set• Objects• Pictures/icons/line drawings/photos• Traditional orthography
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Human/Technology Interface
Display layout/arrangement• Optimized for row column scanning
Frequency of useTop left is fastest to select, bottom right slowest
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Wordpower
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Wordpower
• Core vocabulary of 100 words accounts for about 50% of spoken communication
• Word prediction and spelling are used for the other 50%
• Words are organized so that you can select from the left to right to communicate a sentence
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Human/Technology Interface
• Selection method• Optimize speed and accuracy
• Direct selection
• Scanning
• Item-by-item
• Group-item or row/column
• Halving or quartering
• Coded (e.g. Morse Code)
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Human/Technology Interface
◼ Evaluation
http://www.kpronline.com/
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Human/Technology Interface
• Selection technique
• Effects speed and accuracy
• Step or manual
• Automatic
• Inverse
• Directed
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ProcessorRate enhancement and vocabulary expansion
• Encoding techniques• Arbitrary coding (e.g., numeric codes)
• Abbreviation expansion• hh=Hello how are you?
• Semantic encoding (e.g., Minspeak)
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Minspeak®
• Minspeak Application Programs (MAPs)
• Words Strategy®
• Unity®
• To select a food, the user selects the apple, then a food group, then a specific food
• To talk about food, the user selects the apple, then the sun to talk about breakfast
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Processor
Rate enhancement and vocabulary expansion
• Prediction techniques• Word prediction • Word completion
• Fixed • Adaptive
• Icon prediction
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Icon prediction
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Processor
Rate enhancement and vocabulary expansion• Conversation-based techniques
• Interaction/Pragmatic categories• Initiation, greetings, requests, information exchange,
comments, conversational repair
• Semantic categories/dictionaries/menus • Using dictionaries or menus organized by letter of alphabet or
other categories
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ProcessorRate enhancement and vocabulary expansion
• Conversation-based techniques• Mood/context superimposition
• Organizing by topic, environment or communication partners
• Scripts • Story telling: ourselves, family, things that have happened
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Processor
Rate enhancement and vocabulary expansion• Levels – expands available vocabulary
• Static displays
• Dynamic communication displays
• Themes• Same icons have different meanings, depending on
theme
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Levels on a Static Display
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Dynamic Display
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Dynamic Display
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Processor• Rate enhancement and vocabulary expansion
• Vocabulary storage• Pre-stored vocabulary or application programs• User defined or programmed
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ProcessorSelection editing
• Option for the client to edit selections
• Delete characters or symbols
• Insert characters or symbols
• Check spelling or grammar
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Output• Visual
• Auditory
• Coded
• From AAC to computer or other device
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Coded Output• Wire
• Remote
• Infrared
• Radio Frequency (RF)
• Bluetooth
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PackagingDedicated vs. computer based systems
• Ambulatory clients• Small enough to carry
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PackagingDedicated vs. computer based systems
• Computer based• Communication is just one feature
• Dedicated• More battery life• Often more durable
• Tablets• Portable• More functions• Blends in• Limited access
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Packaging
Integration with other assistive technologies• Wheelchair mounting strategies• Computer keyboard emulation• Integrated EADLs• Integrated controls
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Side-folding wheelchair mounting bracket
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Rear-folding wheelchair mounting kit
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Wheelchair Mounting• Avoid mounting to moveable components
• Mount above the tilt, if a tilt is present
• Consider a locking frame clamp if tilt is present
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Keyboard and Mouse Emulation
IntelliTalk Toolbar
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• Integrated Email & Internet
• EADLs
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Review Questions (feel free to discuss with your neighbors)
1. Which of the following is NOT a function of augmentative and alternative communication?
a. Conversationb. Control of devices within the environmentc. Written communicationd. Communicative competence
2. When mounting a speech generating device to a wheelchair with tilt in space, where should the frame clamp be placed?
a. Above the tilt b. Below the tiltc. On the armrestd. On the footrest
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Review Questions (Here are the answers. How did you do?)
1. Which of the following is NOT a function of augmentative and alternative communication?
a. Conversationb. Control of devices within the environmentc. Written communicationd. Communicative competence
2. When mounting a speech generating device to a wheelchair with tilt in space, where should the frame clamp be placed?
a. Above the tilt b. Below the tiltc. On the armrestd. On the footrest
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Questions?