characteristics of a drainage basin & management of resources1.ppt_0

8/9/2019 Characteristics of a Drainage Basin & Management of Resources1.Ppt_0

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DRAINAGE BASIN MANAGEMENT

AND

MANAGEMENT OF RESOURCES

Shyamala B Subramaniam


2/45

The Drainage Basin System

2 of 29

LN

8102Hydrolog

yWha i! a "raina#$ ba!in%

&o' "o$! h$ "raina#$ ba!in !y!$m o($ra$%Fa)or! aff$)in# run*off an" infilraion in a "raina#$

ba!in+

Draina#$ Ba!in Mana#$m$n+

Sr$am Or"$r+

,aminar an" Turbul$n flo'+


3/45

Catchment

Th$ ar$a from

'hi)h 'a$r "rain!

ino a (ari)ular"raina#$ ba!in+

Tributary

A ri-$r 'hi)h .oin! a lar#$r ri-$r+

Confluence

Th$ (oin a 'hi)h 'o ri-$r! .oin+

atershedTh$ boun"ary

"i-i"in# on$

"raina#$ ba!in

from anoh$r* a

ri"#$ of hi#hlan"+

hat is a drainage basin!

SourceTh$ u(lan" ar$a

'h$r$ h$ ri-$r

b$#in!+

"outh

Wh$r$ h$ ri-$rflo'! ino h$ !$a/

or !om$im$! a

la0$+


4/45


5/45

Draina#$ Ba!in

Wa$r!h$"

In$rflu-$

Wa$r abl$

Groun"'a$r

Conflu$n)$

Con!$5u$n

!r$am

Sub!$5u$n

!r$am

Draina#$ Ba!in T$rminolo#i$!

An ar$a of lan" "rain$" by a ri-$r an" i6!

ribuari$!

Th$ boun"ary b$'$$n 2 "raina#$ ba!in!

&i#h lyin# ar$a b$'$$n 2 !r$am in h$ !am$

"raina#$ ba!in

,$-$l a 'hi)h !auraion o))ur! in h$ !oil

Wa$r !or$" in ro)0! follo'in# ($r)olaion

Wh$r$ 'o ribuari$! .oin

Main !r$am

Main ribuary


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Th$ "raina#$ ba!in of h$ Afon Ca$rfan$ll/ a ribuary of

h$ Ri-$r U!0/ Souh Wal$!+

h$ 'a$r!h$" )an

b$ )l$arly !$$n on

hi! (hoo#ra(h

atershed


7/45

The confluence of t#o ri$ers


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Wha i! a "raina#$ ba!in%

Ho# does the drainage basin system o%erate!

Fa)or! aff$)in# run*off an" infilraion in a "raina#$

ba!in+


Sr$am Or"$rin#+


Lea

rningo

b&ecti$e

s



9/45

All rain fallin# 'ihin a "raina#$

ba!in $n"! u( in h$ ri-$r!y!$m+

&o' "o$! i #$ h$r$%


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O7ERGROUND

Wa$r run! "o'nhill o-$rh$ #roun" o'ar"! a

ri-$r or !r$am *

SURFACE RUNOFF

Rain"ro(! mi#h fall "ir$)ly ino a ri-$r

or !r$am *

C&ANNE, F,OW


11/45

UNDERGROUND

8u(($rmo!

l$-$l of

!aura$"roun"

Rain"ro(!

INFI,TRATE!oil

an" ro)0+ Th$'a$r h$n mo-$!

un"$r#roun"

o'ar"! a !r$am

or ri-$r


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ANSWER:

Rain ra-$llin# a! !urfa)$ runoff

'ill #$ o ri-$r! an" !r$am! mu)h mor$ 5ui)0ly/ r$a)hin#

a ri-$r or !r$am 'ih lil$ "$lay/'ihin a !hor im$*!(an+

Wa$r ha infilra$! an" ra-$l! un"$r#roun" ra-$l!

mu)h mor$ !lo'ly/ finally r$a)hin# a ri-$r or !r$am

bi by bi o-$r a mu)h lon#$r ($rio" of im$+

Whi)h !iuaion i! a ri-$r mor$ li0$ly o b$ abl$ o )o($

'ih/ 'ihou floo"in#%

Whi)h rou$ o h$ ri-$r i! 5ui)0$r

* !urfa)$ runoffor infilraion ; #roun"'a$r flo'%


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Ho# does the drainage basin system o%erate!

A "raina#$ ba!in !y!$m i! a (ar of h$ 'orl"6!

hy"rolo#i)al 8'a$r )y)l$:

Th$ hy"rolo#i)al )y)l$ i! a closed system+

Th$ "raina#$ ba!in i! an o%en system+

Wa$r Cy)l$ an

imaion
http://www.managingwholes.com/flash/watercycle.htmhttp://www.managingwholes.com/flash/watercycle.htmhttp://www.managingwholes.com/flash/watercycle.htmhttp://www.managingwholes.com/flash/watercycle.htm


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ri$er

$-a(oran!(iraion

(r$)i(iaion

throughflo#

surfacerunoff

ground#ater flo##ater table

interce%tion

%ercolation

infiltration

Drainage basin system


15/45

Drainage basin system

in%uts

(r$)i(iaion

out%uts

ri-$r runoff

$-a(oraion

ran!(iraion

stores and flo#s

in$r)$(ion

!urfa)$ runoff

!urfa)$ 'a$r !ora#$

!oil 'a$r !ora#$

#roun"'a$r !ora#$

infilraion

#roun"'a$r flo'

hrou#hflo'

($r)olaion


16/45

?a#$ @@4

Cli)0 for -i"$o


17/451 Boar"'or0! ," 23@ of 29

Wha i! a Draina#$ Ba!in%

&o' "o$! h$ "raina#$ ba!in !y!$m o($ra$%

Fa)or! aff$)in# run*off an" infilraion in a Draina#$Ba!in+



Sr$am or"$r+Wha i! a floo" hy"ro#ra(h%

Wha fa)or! influ$n)$ h$ !ha($ of a floo" hy"ro#ra(h%

Lea

rningo

b&ecti$e

s



18/45

Low density (Coarse texture)

Medium density (Medium texture)

High density (Fine texture)

Very high density (Superfine texture)

Factors affecting drainage density are:

gradient, egetation, roc! type, soi" type,

eaporation, amount of rainfa"", type of rainfa"" and

man#

How do the a$oe factors inf"uence drainage

density%

Fa)or! influ$n)in# Draina#$ D$n!iy


19/45

Factors affecting &rainage &ensity


20/45

Drainage Density and Texture

S)hu$r! (# @43


21/45


22/451 Boar"'or0! ," 2322 of 29


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'actors affecting Drainage Density

hich roc( #ill cause the most o$erland flo# and #hy!

hich roc( might slo# do#n the %assage of #ater the

most!

Wha i!:a?oro!iy

b?$rm$abiliy%


24/45

Fa)or! aff$)in#

Draina#$ D$n!iy

hich one might

be %er$ious!

hich one #ouldslo# do#n the

%assage of #ater

the most!

hich one #ould

be most li(ely to

flood!


25/451 Boar"'or0! ," 2323 of 29

A numb$r of fa)or! 'ill $ff$) ho' 5ui)0ly 'a$r #$!

o a ri-$r+

If 'a$r r$urn! o a ri-$r oo 5ui)0ly i may r$!ul in

floo"in#+

,oo0 a h$ follo'in# !li"$! 83*9

&o' "o you hin0 h$y aff$) ho' 5ui)0ly 'a$r

r$urn! o h$ ri-$r%

E=(lain ho' $a)h of h$!$ fa)or! 'ill aff$) "raina#$

"$n!iy+ In!$r you an!'$r in a $=bo=+


26/451 Boar"'or0! ," 232 of 29

1


27/451 Boar"'or0! ," 232 of 29

2


28/451 Boar"'or0! ," 232 of 29

)


29/451 Boar"'or0! ," 2329 of 29

*


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1 Boar"'or0! ," 23 of 29

+

'l d C t l


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' Reduce run-off in the upper areas of the

river by ensuring that the slopes are

covered with vegetation.

'lood Controls

Use terraces and contour ploughing in

farmlands to help control surface runoff.

Build dams to control the flow of water

through an area.

Build levees that can withstand the

pressure and high water levels.

Build larger channels and divert water

away from certain areas.

Dont buildsettlements in areas

below the floodline.

'looding in ,ustralia Coastal flooding-o#er%oint
http://www.abc.net.au/news/infographics/qld-floods/beforeafter.htmhttp://www.abc.net.au/news/infographics/qld-floods/beforeafter.htm


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A)i-iy 4: Cau!$! an" im(a)! of floo"!


33/45

Fa)or! Influ$n)in# Infilraion S)hu$r! ?# @44


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1 Boar"'or0! ," 234 of 29

A)i-iy @: Dir$) an" in"ir$) run*off O=for"?#+@@


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1 Boar"'or0! ," 233 of 29

Lea

rningo

b&ecti$es



Fa)or! aff$)in# run*off an" infilraion in a "raina#$ba!in+


Sr$am Or"$r+

,aminar an" Turbul$n flo'+Wha i! a floo" hy"ro#ra(h%


Mgeni &rainage asin S)hu$r! (# @2 an" @


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1 Boar"'or0! ," 23 of 29

g g


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1 Boar"'or0! ," 23 of 29

Wha i! a Draina#$ Ba!in%


Fa)or! aff$)in# run*off an" infilraion in a Draina#$

Ba!in+


Sr$am Or"$r+

,aminar an" Turbul$n flo'+Wha i! a floo" hy"ro#ra(h%


Lea

rningo

b&ecti$es

St d


38/45

1 Boar"'or0! ," 23 of 29

Stream order

' method of c"assifying or ordering the

hierarchy of natura" channe"s#

' Strah"er (*+-) is the most wide"y used

system#

' See ./S stream

ordering

'''+u!"a+#o-;!r$amr$!oraion;)ha(@+hml


39/45

1 Boar"'or0! ," 239 of 29

,a' of Sr$am Numb$r! an" ,a' of Ba!in ar$a!+

Th$r$ i! a fairly fi=$" r$#ulariy 'ih 'hi)h h$ ar$a of a "raina#$ ba!in in)r$a!$! from on$

!r$am or"$r o h$ n$= hi! i! 0no'n a! h$ la' of ba!in ar$a!+ Th$ fi=$" r$#ulariy i! 4/

im$!H

Th$ la' of !r$am numb$r! !a$! ha h$ hi#h$r h$ !r$am or"$r h$ f$'$r h$ numb$r of

ribuari$! $+#+ h$r$ 'ill al'ay! b$ mor$ !r$am or"$r on$! han 'o6! in a #i-$n "raina#$

ba!in+

Cal)ulaion of ar$a a))or"in# o h$ !5uar$! m$ho"


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1 Boar"'or0! ," 234 of 29

Cal)ulaion of ar$a a))or"in# o h$ !5uar$! m$ho"

Coun h$ numb$r of !5uar$! )o-$r$"

by half

Coun h$ numb$r of W&O,E !5uar$!

ha fall 'ihin h$ oulin$

Numb$r of !5uar$! fully)o-$r$" J @

Numb$r of !5uar$! )o-$r$"

by half J

Toal numb$r of !5uar$)o-$r$" J23

Ar$a of on$ !5uar$ J ,KB

J @)m = @)m

J /3 0m K /3 Lm J /23 !5uar$ Lm

@ )m

@)m

Ar$a of 23 !5uar$!

J /23 K /23 J /23 !5uar$ Lm

Cal)ulaion of Draina#$ D$n!iy


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1 Boar"'or0! ," 234@ of 29

Cal)ulaion of Draina#$ D$n!iy

Numb$r of !5uar$!

fully )o-$r$" J 42

Sr$am or"$r a K J 4

Numb$r of !5uar$! )o-

by mor$

han half J @

Toal numb$r of

S5uar$! J 33

Ar$a of @ !5uar$

J , K B

@ )m

@ )m

J @)m K @)m

J /3 0m K /3 0m

J /23 !5uar$ 0m

Ar$a of 33 !5uar$!

J 33 = /23 !5+ 0m

J @4 !5+ 0m


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1 Boar"'or0! ," 2342 of 29



Fa)or! aff$)in# run*off an" infilraion in a "raina#$

ba!in+


Sr$am Or"$rin#+

Laminar and Turbulent 'lo#.

Lea

rningo

b&ecti$es


43/45

1 Boar"'or0! ," 234 of 29

Ri-$r*b$" i! l$-$l an" $-$n

Wa$r flo'! in lay$r!

Wa$r in )ona) 'ih h$ b$" an" ban0! flo'! !lo'ly "u$

o fri)ion

Su))$!!i-$ lay$r! a)hi$-$ #r$a$r !($$"!+ Fa!$!

!($$"! o))ur in h$ mi""l$ .u! b$lo' h$ !urfa)$

Wa$r ra-$l! fa!$r/ bu h$r$ i! l$!! $ro!ion !in)$

h$ lo'$r lay$r! (ro$) h$ ri-$r )hann$l+

Ri-$r*b$" i! un$-$n an" !$$(

Wa$r )oninually )han#$! l$-$l! an" flo'! 'ih a

bubblin#6 a)ion

,o! of $ro!ion a0$! (la)$/ b$)au!$ h$ !an"

(ari)l$! ar$ lif$" by 'a$r+

,aminar Flo' Turbul$n Flo'


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1 Boar"'or0! ," 2344 of 29

hat do you (no# about drainage basins!


45/45

hat do you (no# about drainage basins!

Sour)$: h(:; ;'''+boar"'or0!+)o+u0;

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