chapters: 13-15

16
Chapters: 13-15 Preventing Infectious Diseases Lifestyle Diseases Other Diseases/Disabilities

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Chapters: 13-15. Preventing Infectious Diseases Lifestyle Diseases Other Diseases/Disabilities. Lifestyle Diseases. Lifestyle diseases: diseases that are caused partly by unhealthy behaviors and partly by other factors. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Chapters: 13-15

Chapters: 13-15

Preventing Infectious DiseasesLifestyle Diseases

Other Diseases/Disabilities

Page 2: Chapters: 13-15

Lifestyle Diseases

• Lifestyle diseases: diseases that are caused partly by unhealthy behaviors and partly by other factors.

• Lifestyle diseases include cardiovascular disease, many forms of cancer, and two forms of diabetes.

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Controllable Risk Factors

• diet and body weight• daily levels of physical

activity• level of sun exposure• smoking and alcohol

abuse

Uncontrollable Risk Factors

•age•gender•ethnicity•heredity

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Cardiovascular Disease

• Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs): diseases and disorders that result from progressive damage to the heart and blood vessels.

• Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the United States.

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• Strokes: are sudden attacks of weakness or paralysis that occur when blood flow to an area of the brain is interrupted.

• Blood pressure: is the force that blood exerts on the walls of a blood vessel. High blood pressure can injure blood vessel walls, leading to other cardiovascular diseases.

• Normal blood pressure is between 80/50 and 130/85

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• Atherosclerosis: a disease in which fatty materials build up on artery walls. This can block blood flow or release clots that cause strokes or heart attacks.

• A heart attack is the damage and loss of function of an area of the heart muscle.

• Heart attacks are often caused by a blockage of the coronary arteries that carry blood into the heart.

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Cancer• Cancer: a disease caused by uncontrolled cell

growth.

• Second leading cause of death in the United States, after CVDs.

• Cancer starts with genetic damage. When the genes that control cell growth are damaged, some cells begin to divide again and again, making tumors.

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• Malignant tumor: a mass of cells that invades and destroys normal tissue.

• Benign tumor: an abnormal but usually harmless cell mass.

•Metastasis: a process in which cancer cells travel to other parts of the body, creating new tumors.

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Treatment• surgery

• chemotherapy – using drugs to kill cancer cells

• radiation therapy – using radiation to kill cancer cells

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Diabetes

• Diabetes: a disorder in which cells are unable to obtain glucose from the blood, resulting in high blood-glucose levels.

• Insulin: a hormone produced in the pancreas that causes cells to remove glucose from the blood.

• When your cells need energy, the body breaks down carbohydrates that you eat into glucose. Glucose circulates through the body in the bloodstream.

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Treatment• There is currently no way to prevent type 1 diabetes.• To prevent type 2 diabetes, you can:

• exercise regularly• maintain a healthy weight• eat a healthy diet• avoid tobacco products• reduce stress levels