1. Chapter 8 Photography

2. Look at the things around you, the immediate world around you. If you are alive, it will mean something to you, and if you care enough about photography, and if you know how to use it, you will want to photograph that meaning. Edward Weston 3. Introduction Technology has revolutionized the visual arts Throughout history, artists have tried toimitate nature. Since the early 19th century, people havebeen able to capture nature due totechnological advancements. 4. PHOTOGRAPHY Photography is science and art. Photography is a matter of selection andinterpretation. The word photography comes from the Greekword meaning to write with light. Photosensitive Lens Prints 5. CamerasThe camera is similar to the human eye (as shown in figure 8-4) Aperture - the opening in the camera through which lightpasses. Shutter - the mechanism that opens and closed the aperture. Stop - the size of the aperture. Candid - a photograph in which real life and motion iscaptured. Film - a type of photosensitive surface which is used forrecording photographs. Telephoto lenses - magnify far away objects and tend to collapsespace. Wide-angle lenses - allow a broad view of objects within aconfined area. 6. Film Emulsion - an active layer of small particles of aphotosensitive silver salt suspended in gelatin. Negative - film which has been exposed to light andchemically treated. Areas of light and dark are reversed on a negative.2 types of color film: both contain 3 light sensitive layers Color reversal film Color negative film 7. Digital PhotographyDigital photography - translates visual images to digitalinformation, which is recorded on a disk.Advantages: No need to deal with film. Immediate gratification. Can manipulate the images on the computer. Can print them yourself.Disadvantages: Can not achieve the sharpness of film, unless you canafford a very expensive digital camera. Files are large. Can not always obtain the quality of film. 8. History of Photography1. The Camera Obscura2. Photosensitive Surfaces3. Heliography4. The Daguerreotype5. The Negative6. Portraits7. Photojournalism8. Photography as an Art Form 9. The Camera Obscura Was literally a covered box or adarkened room with a pin hole toproject light and an image on theopposite wall. The image was projected upside down. Used to trace a scene and get correctperspective. 10. The Camera Obscura Figure 8.4, p.153: The camera obscura. 11. The Daguerreotype Invented in 1829 by Niepce and Louis-Jacques-Mande Daguerre. Used a thin sheet of silver-plated copper.Drawbacks: Long exposures: 5 - 40 minutes. Image reverses left to right. Very delicate, had to be sealed behind glass. No negative, therefore no copies could bemade. 12. DaguerreotypeFigure 8.5, p.154: LOUIS-JACQUES-MAND DAGUERRE. The Artists Studio (1837). 13. The NegativeInvented in 1839 by British scientist William Henry FoxTalbot.How:1. Placed an object on a piece of light sensitive paper.2. Exposed the arrangement to light.3. Called them photogenic drawings.4. Image was reversed and inverted. Black and white reversed. Talbot also made the the first contact print by placing the negative on a second sheet of light sensitive paper and exposing both of them to light. 14. The NegativeFigure 8.6, p.155: WILLIAM HENRY FOX TALBOT. Botanical Specimen (1839). Photogenic drawing. 15. Portraits 16. Figure 8.17, p.161: CINDY SHERMAN. Untitled (1984). Color photograph. 71 x 48 12. 17. Landscape 18. Figure 8.2, p.151: Crescent Earth, seen by Apollo 17. 19. Figure 8.1, p.150: ANSEL ADAMS. Moon and Half Dome, Yosemite National Park, California (1960). 20. Photojournalism 21. PhotojournalismFigure 8.10, p.157: ALEXANDER GARDNER. Home of a Rebel Sharpshooter, Gettysburg (July 1863).Wet-plate photograph. 22. Figure 8.11, p.157: DOROTHEA LANGE. Migrant Mother, Nipomo, California (1936). Gelatin silver print.12 12 x 9 78. 23. Figure 8.12, p.158: MARGARET BOURKE-WHITE. The Living Dead of Buchenwald, April 1945 (1945). 24. Digital Art Digital Art - the production of images byartists with the assistance of the computer. Current computer graphics software offerspalettes of more than 16 million colors. Colors can be selected and produced on themonitor instantaneously. Effects and lightingcan be added, images distorted, etc Artists not only appropriate the technology ofthe day, but they also appropriate images thathave special meaning within a culture. 25. Documentational