chapter6 speed control dc
DESCRIPTION
Electric Drives, Mohommed El-Sharkawi, Fundamental of Electric Drives, Full PowerPoint Presentation, Including Examples.TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 6: Speed Control of Direct Current Motors
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Resistance in armature circuit: When a resistance is inserted in the armature circuit, the speed drop (Dw) increases and the motor speed decreases. Terminal voltage (armature voltage): Reducing the armature voltage of the motor reduces the motor speed. Field flux (or field voltage): Reducing the field voltage reduces the flux. The motor speed then increases. Speed Control Variables
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Attributes of good speed controllerSoft transitionSufficient speed damping Over-voltage must not exceed the tolerable limit of the system components.The magnitude of the inrush current should be kept under controlNatural electromechanical oscillations should be avoided.
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Concept of Speed Control by Adding ResistanceVfIaRaddRfRaEaVt
- SpeedTorqueRaRadd1
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Example 6.1
A 150 V, dc shunt motor drives a constant-torque load at a speed of 1200 rev/min. The armature and field resistances are 1 W and 150 W respectively. The motor draws a line current of 10 A at the given load. Calculate the resistance that should be added to the armature circuit to reduce the speed by 50%.Calculate the resistance that must be added to the armature circuit to operate the motor at holding condition.
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Solution: Part a
Speed
Torque
Ra
Ra + Radd1
Ra + Radd2
Ra + Radd3
Radd1
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Solution: Part b
Speed
Torque
Ra
Ra + Radd1
Ra + Radd2
Ra + Radd3
Radd1
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Concept of Speed Control by Adjusting Armature Voltage
1f
1a
Vf
Rf
Ea
Ra
Vt
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V1TtotTorque1wo1V1>V2>V3>V4w
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Concept of Speed Control by Adjusting Field Voltage
Vf
If
Ia
Ea
Ra
Rf
Vt
-
wo1Vf1wTtotTorqueVf1>Vf2>Vf31
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Example 6.3
A 150 V, dc shunt motor drives a constant-torque load at a speed of 1200 rev/min. The armature and field resistances are 2 W and 150 W respectively. The motor draws a line current of 10 A. Assume that a resistance is added in the field circuit to reduce the field current by 20%. Calculate the armature current, motor speed, the value of the added resistance, and the extra field losses.
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Solution
Ea
Ra
I
If
Rf
Vt
Ia
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Solution
(o1
(o2
Vf2
Vf1
(
Td
Torque
Vf1>Vf2
1
2
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Solid-State Control
Converter
Motor
Rectifier
& Filter
Field
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Single-Phase, Half-Wave Drives
VAK
VS
Ra
La
Ea
Vt
-
tvs
-
i(t)= L-1 I(S)
i(t)=
VAK
VS
Ra
La
Ea
Vt
-
VAK
VS
Ra
La
Ea
Vt
-
VAK
VS
Ra
La
Ea
Vt
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Example 6.3 A 1-hp dc shunt motor is loaded by a constant torque of 10 NM. The armature resistance of the motor is 5 W, and the field constant Kf = 2.5 V sec. The motor is driven by a half wave SCR converter. The power source is 120 V, 60 Hz. The triggering angle of the converter is 60o, and the conduction period is 150o. Calculate the motor speed and the developed power.
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Solution
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Single-Phase, Full-Wave Drives
i1
i2
VS
S1
S4
S3
S2
Vt
Ra
La
Ea
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&F
Page &P
vt
v1
v2
Ea
i2
i1
vt
a
b
v1
v2
ia
Ea
vt
Angle
-
Continuous Armature Current
i
Load3
Load2
Load1
(
(
180o
Angle
-
(3
(1
(2
(4
Torque
(
Continuous Current
Discontinuous
Current
-
Example 6.4 For the motor in Example 6.3, assume that the converter is a full-wave type. The triggering angle of the converter is 60o, and the conduction period is 150o. Calculate the motor speed and the developed power.
-
Solution
-
Example 6.5 A dc separately excited motor has a constant torque load of 60 NM. The motor is driven by a full-wave converter through a 120 V ac supply. The field constant of the motor Kf = 2.5 and the armature resistance is 2 W. Calculate the triggering angle a for the motor to operate at 200 rev/min. The motor current is continuous.
-
Solution
-
Waveform: Load Motor (Continuous Current) M.A. El-Sharkawi, University of Washington*tvtvsFreewheeling
M.A. El-Sharkawi, University of Washington
Ea
La
Ra
Vt
D1
D2
S2
S1
VS
i2
i1
-
M.A. El-Sharkawi, University of Washington*
M.A. El-Sharkawi, University of Washington
-
M.A. El-Sharkawi, University of Washington*
M.A. El-Sharkawi, University of Washington
-
Waveform: Unloaded Motor (Disontinuous Current) M.A. El-Sharkawi, University of Washington*vtvsiFreewheeling
M.A. El-Sharkawi, University of Washington
Ea
La
Ra
Vt
D1
D2
S2
S1
VS
i2
i1
***********************************