Chapter TwoChapter Two第二章第二章后元音后元音Back Vowels: Back Vowels: /ɑ: / / / / : / / u / / u: /ɔ ɔ/ɑ: / / / / : / / u / / u: /ɔ ɔ Time: 2 periodsTime: 2 periods

Chapter two The first period 第二章　　　　第一学时

后元音 Back vowels: /ɑ: / / ɔ / / ɔ: /

Warming-up Exercise

Please read the following phrases in falling tone and rising tone, pay attention to the words containing /ɑ:/ /ɔ/ /ɔ:/ /u/ & /u:/ sounds.

Warming-up Exercise/ɑ:/ a fast car / a large shark / a starved artist/ɔ/ socks and stockings / borrow a novel / clocks and watches/ɔ:/ more and more / on the fourth floor / a short story/u/ look for the cook / woolen socks / stood in the foot/u:/ a new rule / useful tools / stoop by a cool pool

/ɑ:/ /ɔ/ /ɔ:/ /u/ /u:/

There are five back vowels:/ɑ:/ /ɔ/ /ɔ:/ /u/ /u:/

For all of them the tip of tongue is withdrawn towards the soft palate, lip-rounding plays an important part in producing all the back vowels except for /ɑ:/

/ɑ:/The tongue is held very low. The

mouth is opened with no lip-rounding. The sound is like the exclamation “Ah”.

/ɑ:/ is usually read in the following letter or combine letters: a ar al auplant glass class fast basketstar park car parcel hardcalm half palm (l is silent)aunt laugh

Phrases & Sentencesa fast car a starved artista laugh star a starry March nighthalf past nine

The dancing part stopped at half past five.

Arthur didn’t pass the art exam. He laughs best who laughs last. A large army marched past the grassland.

/ɔ/The sound is made with open jaws

and slight open lip-rounding, the back of the tongue is kept very low and far back.

/ / is usually read in the followiɔng letters or combined letters: o a ou aucop lock hot clock novelwant what was watch

qualitycough troughbecause sausage Austria Australia

Phrases & Sentencesclocks and watches cotton socksborrow a novel wash the mopcost a lot watch that small fox

John has got a pot of hot water. Lots and lots of clocks and watches

has gone wrong. The robber’s name is Robert.

/ɔ:/

This sound has a low, mid-back tongue position; the lips are tense and protruded.

/ :/ is usually read in the following ɔcombined letters: aw or au ar al ore oor oar our ough aughsaw jaw law yawn drawhorse born cord swordcause fault warfall all salt talktore before more board doorfour fought taught daughter

Phrases & Sentencesmore score short storieswalk across the lawn morning news reportforty horses to put more salt

Your four daughters are all very tall.The reporter gave an important talk in the

auditorium.You ought to do what the doctor ordered.

Comparison Between /ɑ:/ & /ɔ/ and /ɔ:/ & /ɔ/

/ɑ:/ /ɔ/ /ɔ:/ /ɔ/dark 黑 dock 码头 cork 软木 cock 公鸡guard 看守 god 神 short 短 shot 射击sharp 锋利 shop 商店 chalk 粉笔 chock 垫块heart 心脏 hot 热 cord 粗浅 cod 鳕鱼

Advice to StudentsSome students often confuse /ɑ:/ with /ɔ/.

In their pronunciation, part/pɑ:t/ sound like pot/pɔt/. This mistake may be corrected if they round their lips a little.

Many students substitute /ɔ:/ for /ɔ/. In their pronunciation, sport /spɔ:t/ and spot /spɔt/ sound alike. To avoid such a mistake, they should open the lower jaw less wide (about two thirds of the jaw-opening for /ɔ/) and raise the back of the tongue higher.

Games and Games and ActivitiesActivities

PracticeTick the right word you heard:Did you buy a (cart, cat)?He likes her (form, farm).The (clerk, clock) is slow.It’s a good coat, but I don’t like the (colour, collar).She wanted to find a (potter, porter).The man was (shot, short).

Pair work A: Hey, don’t walk on the lawn.B: Sorry, I’m looking for my wallet.A: You lost your wallet? Anything

important in it?B: Yes. A lot of money. Almost four

thousand dollars.A: That’s too bad. Better report to

the police officer walking there.

After-class assignments Review and memorize the words, phrases,

sentences in class. Make sentences containing back vowels

/ɑ:/ / ɔ / / ɔ: /.Listen to the tapes and practice the three

back vowels /ɑ: / / ɔ / / ɔ: /.

Chapter two The second period 第二章　　　　第二学时

后元音 Back vowels:/ u / / u: /

Warning-up exercise

/u/ look for the cook / woolen socks / stood in the foot

/u:/ a new rule / useful tools / stoop by a cool pool

/u/This sound is produced with the

tongue in a relaxed position. The lips are loosely rounded.

/u/ is usually read in the following letters or combined letters: u o oo ouput full sugar bull push butcherwolf woman bosom togood stood wood foot soot (before t and d in the words)book cook hook look took shook(before k in the words)could should would

Phrases & Sentenceslook for the cook push aside the butchera good-looking woman took the bookcook the soup put the sugar in the bottle

The cook understood the sugar was no good.He took a book to the wood and had a good

look at it.The woman couldn’t push the cart full of wood.

/u:/The back of the tongue is raised

the highest. This sound is the most tense and most lip-rounded of the back vowels.

/u:/ is usually read in the following letters and combined letters: o u oo ou ue ew oedo who move loseJune rude Susantoo food soon moon spoonyou group soup throughglue true bluechew juice shoe

Phrases & Sentencesfood and soup blue bootschoose a good school at noon in JuneStoop by a cool pool useful tools

That news is too good to be true.That student blew up a blue balloon on an

afternoon in June.As a rule, Sue is foolish and stupid at

school.

Comparison Between /u:/ & /u/

/u:/ /u/ /u:/ /u/Luke 卢克 ( 男子名 )

look 看 cooed 鸽子 叫声

could 能

fool 傻瓜 full 充满 who’d=who would

hood 头巾pool 水池 pull 拉 stool 凳子 stood 站wooed 求婚 wood 木头 shoot 射击 should 应该

Advice to Students

Students sometime confuse /u:/ with /u/. Remember the English /u:/ is somewhat relaxed though it is a long vowel. In the pronunciation of /u:/, the lips are more rounded and closed than for /u/. The back of the tongue is raised higher, too.

A Brief Summary of the English Back VowelsThe English back vowels have the

following features in common:The tongue is retracted, the back part is

raised to various levels in the direction of the soft palate.

The tip of the tongue is slightly drawn away from the lower teeth.

For /ɔ ɔ: u u:/ the lips are rounded, but for /ɑ:/ the lips are not.

Games and activitiesGames and activities

Read the following short poem paying attention to the sounds between /u:/ and /u/:

At noon I took a book.And sat by the pool in the wood.And put my foot in the pool.Oh, how cool!中午我拿着一本书，坐在林中的水池边。我把脚放在水池中，噢，好凉爽！

Learn to sing: EdelweissEdelweiss, edelweiss, Every morning you greet me.Small and white,Clean and bright.You look happy to meet me.Blossom of snow,May you bloom and grow,Bloom and grow forever.Edelweiss, edelweiss,Bless my homeland forever.

After-class assignments 1. Review and memorize the words, phrases, sentences in class. 2. Make sentences containing back vowels / u / / u: /. 3. Reading practice “The Boy Who Cried Wolf” （朗读材料见课件） 4. 完成课后练习 葆青编著 高等教育出版社出版 《实用英语语音》 P94 练习二： 1 、题 1 ）、 2 ）、 3 ）、 4 ）、 2 、题， P94-95 3 题 1 ）、 2 ）、 3 ）、 4 ）， P96 4 题 5. 完成课后练习 胡文仲 祝珏 马元曦 李贺 编 外语教学与研究出版社出版 《大学英语教程》第一册 P28-30 后元音 /ɑ: /

/ ɔ / / ɔ: / / u / / u: / 相关单词、短语和句子练习。

The Boy Who Cried Wolf A shepherd boy was looking after his sheep on the

mountain. He was bored so hi shouted, “Help! Wolf!”Then he watched all the people run up the mountain from

the town.He laughed.“Where’s the wolf? Where’s the wolf?” the people asked.“It ran away!” the boy said.Next day he was bored so he shouted, “Help! Wolf!”Then he watched all the people run up the mountain from

the town.“Where’s the wolf? Where’s the wolf?” the people asked.“It ran away!” the boy said.On the third day a wolf came s he shouted “Help! Wolf!”The people in the town heard him but they said, “It’s not

true. He’s bored. He wants to see us run up the mountain.”

So the wolf ate the sheep and the boy.