chapter opener 2.0 promoting and preserving your...

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. Donatelle, Health: The Basics, 10/e

Chapter Opener 2.0 Promoting and Preserving Your Psychological Health

© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Full file at http://testbank360.eu/solution-manual-health-10th-edition-donatelle


Figure 2.1 Psychological Health Psychological health is a complex interaction of the mental, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions of health.

Spiritualhealth (Being)

Socialhealth (Relating)

Emotionalhealth (Feeling)

Mentalhealth (Thinking)

Psychological Health



© 2

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Pea

rson

Edu

catio

n, In

c.

D

onat

elle

, Hea

lth: T

he B

asic

s, 1

0/e

Fig

ure

2.2

Mas

low

’s H

iera

rch

y o

f N

eed

s

Self

-A

ctu

aliz

atio

ncr

eati

vity

, sp

irit

ual

ity,

fulfi

llmen

t o

f po

ten

tial

Este

em N

eed

sse

lf-re

spec

t, re

spec

t fo

r oth

ers,

acco

mp

lish

men

t

Soci

al N

eed

sb

elo

ng

ing,

aff

ecti

on

, acc

epta

nce

Secu

rity

Nee

ds

shel

ter,

safe

ty, p

rote

ctio

n

Surv

ival

Nee

ds

foo

d, w

ater

, sle

ep, e

xerc

ise,

sex

ual

exp

ress

ion

© 2

013

Pea

rson

Edu

catio

n, In

c.


© 2

013

Pea

rson

Edu

catio

n, In

c.

D

onat

elle

, Hea

lth: T

he B

asic

s, 1

0/e

Fig

ure

2.3

Ch

arac

teri

stic

s o

f P

sych

olo

gic

ally

Hea

lth

y an

d U

nh

ealt

hy

Peo

ple

Whe

re d

o yo

u fa

ll on

this

con

tinuu

m?

No

zes

t fo

r life

;p

essi

mis

tic/

cyn

ical

mo

st o

fth

e ti

me;

sp

irit

ual

ly d

ow

n

Lau

gh

s, b

ut

usu

ally

at

oth

ers,

has

litt

le fu

n

Has

ser

iou

s b

ou

ts o

fd

epre

ssio

n, “

do

wn”

an

dti

red

mu

ch o

f tim

e; h

assu

icid

al t

ho

ug

hts

A “c

hal

len

ge”

to

be

aro

un

d,so

cial

ly is

ola

ted

Exp

erie

nce

s m

any

illn

esse

s,h

ead

ach

es, a

ches

/pai

ns,

get

sco

lds/

infe

ctio

ns

easi

ly

Sho

ws

po

ore

r co

pin

g t

han

mo

st, o

ften

ove

rwh

elm

ed b

yci

rcu

mst

ance

s

Has

reg

ula

r rel

atio

nsh

ipp

rob

lem

s, fin

ds

that

oth

ers

oft

en d

isap

po

int

Ten

ds

to b

e cy

nic

al/c

riti

cal o

fo

ther

s; t

end

s to

hav

en

egat

ive/

crit

ical

frie

nd

s

Lack

s fo

cus

mu

ch o

f th

e ti

me,

har

d t

o k

eep

inte

llect

ual

acu

ity

shar

p

Qu

ick

to a

ng

er, s

ense

of

hu

mo

r an

d fu

n e

vid

ent

less

oft

en

Wo

rks

to im

pro

ve in

all

area

s, re

cog

niz

es s

tren

gth

san

d w

eakn

esse

s

Hea

lth

y re

lati

on

ship

s w

ith

fam

ily a

nd

frie

nd

s, ca

pab

leo

f giv

ing

an

d re

ceiv

ing

love

and

aff

ecti

on

Has

str

on

g s

oci

al s

up

po

rt,

may

nee

d t

o w

ork

on

imp

rovi

ng

so

cial

ski

lls b

ut

usu

ally

no

maj

or p

rob

lem

s

Has

occ

asio

nal

em

oti

on

al“d

ips”

bu

t ove

rall

go

od

men

tal/

emo

tio

nal

ad

apto

rs

Poss

esse

s ze

st fo

r life

;sp

irit

ual

ly h

ealt

hy

and

inte

llect

ual

ly t

hri

vin

g

Hig

h e

ner

gy,

resi

lien

t, en

joys

chal

len

ges

, fo

cuse

d

Real

isti

c se

nse

of s

elf a

nd

oth

ers,

sou

nd

co

pin

g s

kills

,o

pen

min

ded

Ad

apts

to

ch

ang

e ea

sily

,se

nsi

tive

to

oth

ers

and

envi

ron

men

t

Has

str

on

g s

oci

al s

up

po

rt a

nd

hea

lth

y re

lati

on

ship

s w

ith

fam

ily a

nd

frie

nd

s

Psy

cho

log

ical

ly u

nh

ealt

hy

Psy

cho

log

ical

ly h

ealt

hy

© 2

013

Pea

rson

Edu

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c.



Misc 2.1 Your outlook on life is determined in part by your social and cultural surroundings, and the positive or negative nature of your social bonds can strongly affect your general sense of well-being.



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n, In

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D

onat

elle

, Hea

lth: T

he B

asic

s, 1

0/e

Mis

c 2.

2 F

oste

ring

a so

lid s

ocia

l sup

port

gro

up c

an b

e as

sim

ple

as s

pend

ing

time

doin

g a

grou

p ac

tivity

, suc

h as

cam

ping

.

© 2

013

Pea

rson

Edu

catio

n, In

c.


© 2

013

Pea

rson

Edu

catio

n, In

c.

D

onat

elle

, Hea

lth: T

he B

asic

s, 1

0/e

Mis

c 2.

3 R

esea

rch

is in

conc

lusi

ve r

egar

ding

whe

ther

the

act o

f lau

ghin

g ac

tual

ly im

prov

es y

our

heal

th, b

ut w

e’ve

all

expe

rienc

ed

the

sens

e of

wel

l-bei

ng th

at a

goo

d la

ugh

can

brin

g.

© 2

013

Pea

rson

Edu

catio

n, In

c.


© 2

013

Pea

rson

Edu

catio

n, In

c.

D

onat

elle

, Hea

lth: T

he B

asic

s, 1

0/e

Fig

ure

2.4

Pre

vale

nce

of

Ser

iou

s M

enta

l Illn

ess

amo

ng

U.S

. Ad

ult

s b

y S

ex, A

ge,

an

d R

ace

10 8 6 4 2 0

Percent

Female

Male

18–25

26–49

50+

White

Black

Hispanic

Asian

AI/AN*

Pre

vale

nce

of S

erio

us

Men

tal I

llnes

s A

mo

ng

U.S

. Ad

ult

s b

y Se

x, A

ge,

an

d R

ace

in 2

00

8

Sex

Ag

eR

ace

*AI/

AN

= A

mer

ican

Ind

ian

/Ala

ska

Nat

ive

KEY

© 2

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Figure 2.5 Mental Health Concerns of American College Students, Past 12 Months

Felt overwhelmed by all they needed to do 83.6%

Felt things were hopeless 43.9%

Felt so depressed that it was difficult to function 28.4%

Seriously considered suicide 6.0%

Intentionally injured themselves 5.1%

Attempted suicide 1.3%= 2%




Misc 2.4 Disorder and chaos can be headaches for us all, but ADHD sufferers may find them insurmountable obstacles.




Misc 2.5 Regardless of gender, age, or ethnicity, none of us is immune to depression.




Misc 2.6 Spending time in the fresh air with your best friend is a simple way to enhance your psychological health.



© 2

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Pea

rson

Edu

catio

n, In

c.

D

onat

elle

, Hea

lth: T

he B

asic

s, 1

0/e

© 2

013

Pea

rson

Edu

catio

n, In

c.

Mis

c 2.

7 M

any

peop

le a

re u

neas

y ar

ound

spi

ders

, but

if y

our

fear

of t

hem

is ir

ratio

nal,

it m

ay b

e a

phob

ia.



Misc 2.8

About 1 in 3 people with panic disorderdevelops agoraphobia, a condition in whichthe person becomes afraid of being in anyplace or situation—such as a crowd or awide-open space—where escape mightbe difficult in the event of a panic attack.



© 2

013

Pea

rson

Edu

catio

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c.

D

onat

elle

, Hea

lth: T

he B

asic

s, 1

0/e

Pati

ent w

ith

schi

zoph

reni

a o�

all m

edic

atio

n

Pati

ent w

ith

schi

zoph

reni

a on

med

icat

ion

© 2

013

Pea

rson

Edu

catio

n, In

c.

Mis

c 2.

9 T

hese

bra

in im

ages

rev

eal a

sig

nific

ant r

educ

tion

in b

rain

act

ivity

in a

per

son

with

unt

reat

ed s

chiz

ophr

enia

. Yel

low

and

re

d id

entif

y ar

eas

of g

reat

est a

ctiv

ity, a

nd b

lue

sign

ifies

red

uced

act

ivity

.


© 2

013

Pea

rson

Edu

catio

n, In

c.

D

onat

elle

, Hea

lth: T

he B

asic

s, 1

0/e

Mis

c 2.

10 If

you

not

ice

war

ning

sig

ns o

f sui

cide

in s

omeo

ne y

ou k

now

, it i

s im

pera

tive

that

you

take

act

ion.

© 2

013

Pea

rson

Edu

catio

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c.



Misc 2.11 LGBT youth can experience unique challenges that can lead to depression or attempting suicide.



© 2

013

Pea

rson

Edu

catio

n, In

c.

D

onat

elle

, Hea

lth: T

he B

asic

s, 1

0/e

Tab

le 2

.1 M

enta

l Hea

lth

Pro

fess

ion

als

Wha

t A

re

The

y C

alle

d?

Wha

t K

ind

of

Tra

inin

g

Do

The

y H

ave?

Wha

t K

ind

of

The

rap

y

Do

The

y D

o?

Pro

fess

iona

l A

sso

ciat

ion

Psy

chia

tris

tM

edic

al d

octo

r (M

D) d

egre

e, fo

llow

ed b

y

4 ye

ars

of s

peci

aliz

ed m

enta

l hea

lth

trai

ning

As

a lic

ense

d M

D, a

psy

chia

tris

t can

pre

-sc

ribe

med

icat

ions

and

may

hav

e ad

mit-

ting

priv

ilege

s at

a lo

cal h

ospi

tal.

Am

eric

an P

sych

iatr

ic

Ass

ocia

tion

w

ww

.psy

ch.o

rg

Psy

chol

ogis

tD

octo

ral (

PhD

) deg

ree

in c

ouns

elin

g or

cl

inic

al p

sych

olog

y, fo

llow

ed b

y se

vera

l ye

ars

of s

uper

vise

d pr

actic

e to

ear

n lic

ense

Psy

chol

ogis

ts a

re tr

aine

d in

var

ious

type

s of

ther

apy,

incl

udin

g be

havi

or th

erap

y.

They

may

be

trai

ned

in c

erta

in s

peci

al-

ties,

suc

h as

fam

ily c

ouns

elin

g or

sex

ual

coun

selin

g.

Am

eric

an P

sych

o-lo

gica

l Ass

ocia

tion

ww

w.a

pa.o

rg

Clin

ical

/psy

chia

tric

so

cial

wor

ker

Mas

ter’

s de

gree

in s

ocia

l wor

k (M

SW

), fo

l-lo

wed

by

2 ye

ars

of e

xper

ienc

e in

a c

linic

al

sett

ing

to e

arn

licen

se

Soc

ial w

orke

rs m

ay b

e tr

aine

d in

cer

tain

sp

ecia

lties

, suc

h as

sub

stan

ce a

buse

co

unse

ling

or c

hild

cou

nsel

ing.

Nat

iona

l Ass

ocia

tion

of S

ocia

l Wor

kers

w

ww

.soc

ialw

orke

rs.o

rg

Cou

nsel

orM

aste

r’s

degr

ee in

cou

nsel

ing,

psy

chol

-og

y, e

duca

tiona

l psy

chol

ogy,

or

rela

ted

hum

an s

ervi

ce; g

ener

ally

mus

t com

plet

e at

le

ast 2

yea

rs o

f sup

ervi

sed

prac

tice

befo

re

obta

inin

g a

licen

se

Man

y co

unse

lors

are

trai

ned

to p

rovi

de

indi

vidu

al a

nd g

roup

ther

apy.

The

y of

ten

spec

ializ

e in

one

type

of c

ouns

elin

g, s

uch

as fa

mily

, mar

ital,

rela

tions

hip,

chi

ldre

n, o

r dr

ug a

buse

.

Am

eric

an C

ouns

elin

g A

ssoc

iatio

n w

ww

.c

ouns

elin

g.or

g

Psy

choa

naly

stP

ostg

radu

ate

degr

ee in

psy

chol

ogy

or

psyc

hiat

ry (P

hD o

r M

D),

follo

wed

by

8 to

10

yea

rs o

f tra

inin

g in

psy

choa

naly

sis,

w

hich

incl

udes

und

ergo

ing

anal

ysis

th

emse

lves

Psy

choa

naly

sis

is b

ased

on

the

theo

ries

of F

reud

and

his

suc

cess

ors.

It fo

cuse

s on

pa

tter

ns o

f thi

nkin

g an

d be

havi

or a

nd th

e re

call

of e

arly

trau

mas

that

hav

e bl

ocke

d pe

rson

al g

row

th. T

reat

men

t is

inte

nsiv

e,

last

ing

5 to

10

year

s, w

ith 3

or

4 se

ssio

ns

per

wee

k.

Am

eric

an P

sych

o-an

alyt

ic A

ssoc

iatio

n w

ww

.aps

a.or

g

Lice

nsed

mar

riage

an

d fa

mily

ther

apis

t (L

MFT

)

Mas

ter’

s or

doc

tora

l deg

ree

in p

sych

ol-

ogy,

soc

ial w

ork,

or

coun

selin

g, s

peci

al-

izin

g in

fam

ily a

nd in

terp

erso

nal d

ynam

ics;

ge

nera

lly m

ust c

ompl

ete

at le

ast 2

yea

rs

of s

uper

vise

d pr

actic

e be

fore

obt

aini

ng a

lic

ense

LMFT

s tr

eat i

ndiv

idua

ls o

r fa

milie

s in

the

cont

ext o

f fam

ily r

elat

ions

hips

. Tre

atm

ent

is ty

pica

lly b

rief (

20 s

essi

ons

or fe

wer

) and

fo

cuse

d on

find

ing

solu

tions

to s

peci

fic

rela

tiona

l pro

blem

s.

Am

eric

an A

ssoc

iatio

n fo

r M

arria

ge a

nd

Fam

ily T

hera

py

ww

w.a

amft.

org

TA

BL

E

2.1

Men

tal H

ealt

h P

rofe

ssio

nal

s

© 2

013

Pea

rson

Edu

catio

n, In

c.


© 2

013

Pea

rson

Edu

catio

n, In

c.

D

onat

elle

, Hea

lth: T

he B

asic

s, 1

0/e

Mis

c 2.

12 T

he c

hoic

e of

ther

apis

t is

very

indi

vidu

al—

whe

n yo

u be

gin

seei

ng a

men

tal h

ealth

pro

fess

iona

l you

ent

er in

to a

rel

a-tio

nshi

p w

ith th

at p

erso

n, a

nd, j

ust a

s in

any

rel

atio

nshi

p, th

ere

will

be

som

e th

erap

ists

with

who

m y

ou c

onne

ct m

ore

than

oth

ers.

© 2

013

Pea

rson

Edu

catio

n, In

c.



Misc 2.13 Potency, dosage, and side effects of drugs can vary greatly, even within the same drug category.



© 2

013

Pea

rson

Edu

catio

n, In

c.

D

onat

elle

, Hea

lth: T

he B

asic

s, 1

0/e

Tab

le 2

.2.1

Typ

es o

f M

edic

atio

ns

Use

d t

o T

reat

Men

tal I

llnes

s

Ant

idep

ress

ants

Use

d t

o t

reat

dep

ress

ion,

pan

ic d

iso

rder

s, a

nxie

ty d

iso

rder

s

Sel

ectiv

e se

roto

nin-

reup

take

in

hibi

tors

(SS

RIs

)Ex

ampl

es: fl

uoxe

tine

(Pro

zac)

, par

oxet

ine

(Pax

il,

Ser

oxat

), es

cita

lopr

am (L

exap

ro, E

sipr

am),

ci

talo

pram

(Cel

exa)

, and

ser

tral

ine

(Zol

oft)

The

curr

ent s

tand

ard

drug

trea

tmen

t for

de

pres

sion

; als

o fre

quen

tly p

resc

ribed

for

an

xiet

y di

sord

ers

Nor

adre

nerg

ic a

nd s

peci

fic

sero

tone

rgic

ant

idep

ress

ants

(N

aSS

As)

Exam

ples

: mirt

azap

ine

(Ava

nza,

Zis

pin,

Rem

eron

)R

epor

tedl

y ha

s fe

wer

sex

ual d

ysfu

nctio

n si

de

effe

cts

than

do

SS

RIs

Ser

oton

in-n

orep

inep

hrin

e re

upta

ke in

hibi

tors

(SN

RIs

)Ex

ampl

es: v

enla

faxi

ne (E

ffexo

r), d

ulox

etin

e (C

ym-

balta

)A

lso

som

etim

es p

resc

ribed

for

AD

HD

Nor

epin

ephr

ine-

dopa

min

e re

upta

ke in

hibi

tors

(ND

RIs

)Ex

ampl

es: b

upro

pion

(Wel

lbut

rin, Z

yban

)A

lso

used

in s

mok

ing

cess

atio

n; fe

wer

wei

ght

gain

or

sexu

al d

ysfu

nctio

n si

de e

ffect

s th

an S

SR

Is

Tric

yclic

ant

idep

ress

ants

(T

CA

s)Ex

ampl

es: i

mip

ram

ine,

am

itrip

tylin

e, n

ortr

ipty

line,

an

d de

sipr

amin

eN

egat

ive

side

effe

cts;

usu

ally

use

d as

a s

econ

d or

third

line

of t

reat

men

t whe

n ot

her

med

icat

ions

pr

ove

inef

fect

ive

Mon

oam

ine

oxid

ase

inhi

bito

rs

(MA

OIs

)Ex

ampl

es: p

hene

lzin

e (N

ardi

l), tr

anyl

cypr

omin

e (P

arna

te),

and

isoc

arbo

xazi

d (M

arpl

an)

Dan

gero

us in

tera

ctio

ns w

ith m

any

othe

r dr

ugs

and

subs

tanc

es in

food

; gen

eral

ly n

o lo

nger

pr

escr

ibed

Anx

ioly

tics

(ant

ianx

iety

d

rug

s)U

sed

to

tre

at a

nxie

ty d

iso

rder

s, in

clud

ing

OC

D, G

AD

, pan

ic d

iso

rder

s, p

hob

ias,

PT

SD

Ben

zodi

azep

ines

Exam

ples

: lor

azep

am (A

tivan

), cl

onaz

epam

(K

lono

pin)

, alp

razo

lam

(Xan

ax),

diaz

epam

(Val

ium

)S

hort

-ter

m r

elie

f, so

met

imes

take

n on

an

as-

need

ed b

asis

; dan

gero

us in

tera

ctio

ns w

ith a

lco-

hol;

poss

ible

to d

evel

op to

lera

nce

or d

epen

denc

e

Ser

oton

in 1

A a

goni

sts

Exam

ple:

bus

piro

ne (B

uSpa

r)Lo

nger

-ter

m r

elie

f; m

ust b

e ta

ken

for

at le

ast

2 w

eeks

to a

chie

ve a

ntia

nxie

ty e

ffect

s

TA

BL

E

2.2

Typ

es o

f Med

icat

ion

s U

sed

to T

reat

Men

tal I

lln

ess

(Con

tin

ued

)©

201

3 P

ears

on E

duca

tion,

Inc.


© 2

013

Pea

rson

Edu

catio

n, In

c.

D

onat

elle

, Hea

lth: T

he B

asic

s, 1

0/e

Tab

le 2

.2.2

Typ

es o

f M

edic

atio

ns

Use

d t

o T

reat

Men

tal I

llnes

s

Mo

od

sta

bili

zers

Use

d t

o t

reat

bip

ola

r d

iso

rder

, sch

izo

phr

enia

Lith

ium

Exam

ple:

lith

ium

car

bona

teD

rug

mos

t com

mon

ly u

sed

to tr

eat b

ipol

ar d

is-

orde

r; b

lood

leve

ls m

ust b

e cl

osel

y m

onito

red

to

dete

rmin

e pr

oper

dos

age

and

avoi

d to

xic

effe

cts

Ant

icon

vuls

ants

Exam

ples

: val

proi

c ac

id (D

epak

ene)

, div

alpr

oex

sodi

um (D

epak

ote)

, sod

ium

val

proa

te (D

epac

on)

Use

d m

ore

frequ

ently

for

acut

e m

ania

than

for

long

-ter

m m

aint

enan

ce o

f bip

olar

dis

orde

r

Ant

ipsy

cho

tics

(n

euro

lep

tics)

Use

d t

o t

reat

sch

izo

phr

enia

, man

ia, b

ipo

lar

dis

ord

er

Aty

pica

l ant

ipsy

chot

ics

Exam

ples

: clo

zapi

ne (C

loza

ril),

rispe

ridon

e

(Ris

perd

al)

Firs

t lin

e of

trea

tmen

t for

sch

izop

hren

ia; f

ewer

ad

vers

e ef

fect

s th

an e

arlie

r an

tipsy

chot

ics

Firs

t-ge

nera

tion

an

tipsy

chot

ics

Exam

ples

: hal

oper

idol

(Hal

dol),

chl

orpr

omaz

ine

(Tho

razi

ne)

Ear

liest

form

s of

ant

ipsy

chot

ics;

unp

leas

ant s

ide

effe

cts

such

as

trem

or a

nd m

uscl

e st

iffne

ss

Stim

ulan

tsU

sed

to

tre

at A

DH

D, n

arco

lep

sy

Met

hylp

heni

date

Bra

nd n

ames

: Rita

lin, M

etad

ate,

Con

cert

aC

an le

ad to

tole

ranc

e an

d de

pend

ence

; fre

quen

tly a

buse

d fo

r bo

th p

erfo

rman

ce e

nhan

ce-

men

t and

rec

reat

iona

l use

Am

phet

amin

esEx

ampl

es: a

mph

etam

ine

(Add

eral

l), d

extr

o-am

phet

amin

e (D

exed

rine,

Dex

tros

tat),

pem

olin

e (C

yler

t)

Can

lead

to to

lera

nce

and

depe

nden

ce;

frequ

ently

abu

sed

for

both

per

form

ance

enh

ance

-m

ent a

nd r

ecre

atio

nal u

se

So

urce

: Dat

a fro

m N

atio

nal I

nstit

ute

of M

enta

l Hea

lth.

TA

BL

E

2.2

Typ

es o

f Med

icat

ion

s U

sed

to T

reat

Men

tal I

lln

ess

(Con

tin

ued

)

© 2

013

Pea

rson

Edu

catio

n, In

c.


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