chapter four...political geo

8/7/2019 Chapter Four...POlitical Geo

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Chapter Four


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Developmentalism

State evolutionary and transitional nature

Formative Theory stage (Childhood to

adulthood) (William Morris Davis and VanValkenburgs cycle)

Core and Marginal (CoreEstablished

political structure, power of accretion,

endowed with economic surplus, defense

capability against threat and conquest and

domination of others


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Functionalism

Functionality of the state (Forces that

drives and sustain the existence of the

state Centripetal and Centrifugal forces

(religion, ethnicity, national symbols,

geographical location, history language

culture regionalismPrimordial

sentiments


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Birth of the State

Hartshorne theory of state

Creation and establishment of state based on

political idea( P and I)Decision of the People

Nationalism

Movement Struggle (PLO, KLA, IRI, Kashmir)Creation of the State


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How the Current May came to

Being

Scramble and Partition of the World (First

Map creation)

The False Map Irredentism

What is the Essence of Countries

Nationalism and current map (SecondMap creation)

Expansion of Current Map


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Theories of State Formation

Conquest and Imperialism

(Civil Warexternally and internally,

Peoples will, Referendum) Divine Theory

Consensus Theory (Inconvenience)


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Territory and Sovereignty

What do state protect their territory

(Continuity, Survival, Engagement with other

states, self of belonging andIndependence, integral of world system)

Territorial integrity is equal to sovereignty,the lost of territorial integrity is tantamount

to lost sovereignty


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Conflict and Territorial Claim

Post Independence and territorial claim

(India and Pakistan, India and China,

Vietnam and Cambodia, Cambodia andLaos, Thailand and Laos, Thailand and

Cambodia, Nigeria and Cameroon, Israel

and Palestine

How to you lay claim to a land


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Boundary and Capital

Distinction between countries and symbol

of power and sovereignty

Historical property of a people, hard to becompromised

Diplomatic relations with Neighbours

Fortress and Security, Espionage Theory of Inward Looking (Others Image)

Frontier and Boundary


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Type ofBoundary

Natural Boundary..historical and culturalproperty

National Boundary.indicative ofinternational community recognition

Contractual...mutual understanding andarrangement between two countries

certified by international community,arbitrated by International Court (Pakistanand India, Cambodia and Laos, Nigeriaand Cameroon)


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Continued

Geometrical Boundary

Power-political Boundary


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Capital City

Capital City a immemorial concept

Centre of Power and its Selection

Henriksons View

Opinion-forming centre of the stateConcentration of political, economic and cultural

power

political, economic and cultural power

Protective from external interferenceAmerican worldview (Global world order, where

political, economic and cultural dominance can beexercised America as the capital of the world


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Types of Capitals

Core Capitals..developed, socio-political,economic, technological development, stablepolitical history, undisputable economic growth,these capitals owe so much to colonial and

imperial hegemony. Peripheral Capitals .former colonies, striving to

reach height of development, remain dependenton the core despite being independent

Semi-Peripheral Capitals..Newly Industrializedcountries, practicing protectionist economy,wanting to break away with colonial past,dependence on core and always aiming at

becoming competitive as the core economies


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State System

Federalism.(Despotism of central, evendistribution of power to units, autonomy,centripetal in nature as it brings people ofdiverse natures together, development onindividual pace, neighbourhood effect,applicable for multicultural and multiethnicsocieties

Unitary.(Vested power in the Central, question

over units Residual power might result toinsubordination, Secession, task structure andstandard for all units, integration in place offragmentation and inability to ally with foreignauthority against the Central government


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Continued

Confederationwhen all units or statedetermined to combine their sovereignty intoone, though they can operate on their own but

they came together to form a virile andformidable structure in order to be doing thingsin common. EU as prototype

Partition.impossibility of maintainingsovereignty over a territory, informed by internaland external factors (Germany, Korea, Vietnam,China, India and Pakistan, Malaysia andSingapore)


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State and its Nature

Government, state, Sovereignty and

Insubordination

Treason (death and imprisonment)

Bureaucracy and the state

(Collation of information, formulate policy,

running of government, middleman, point

of exchange)


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Type of State

Welfare State Communist state

Liberal-Republic state

Constitutional Monarch

Civil Society and the state

(Individual or group of people who exercises mostof the state power...establishment)

Maneuverability Theory (state or interest group

using the state to achieve their aims) Instrumentalist. the view that a concept or

theory should be evaluated by how effectively itexplains and predicts phenomena, as opposedto how accurately it describes objective reality.


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State and Globalisation

Multinational Corporation, Mega-State,

Mega-Corporation and Global Civil Society

Globalization and regionalism NGOs and global politics, economics,

finance, consumption, nuclear,

environment and cultural norms

chapter four...political geo

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