chapter body mechanics activity and exercise. refers to persons routines of exercise, activity,...
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chapter
Body Mechanics
Activity and Exercise
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Activity and Exercise
Refers to persons routines of exercise, activity, leisure and recreation needs for rest and mobility.
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Exercise
Any physical activity involving muscles that elevates the heart rate above resting levels
Reduces joint pain and stiffness. Increases flexibility, muscle strength, and
endurance. Weight reduction and improved sense of
well-being
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Types of exercise:
Isotonic (dynamic exercise): Muscle shortens to produce contraction and active
movement .e.g. running, walking, swimming, cycling) * Advantages: 1- Increase muscle tone, mass, strength 2- Maintain joint flexibility and circulation
Isometric (static or setting) * as strengthen abdominal, gluteal muscle)
* No change in muscle length * No joint movement * Maintaining strength in immobilized muscle
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Types of exercise:
Isokinetic: (resistive exercise) * Muscle contraction or tension against resistance can
be either isometric and isotonic
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Benefits of exercise on body system
Musculoskeletal System: * Increase and maintain muscle tone, size, shape
* Increase joint mobility, flexibility, and range of motion.
* Maintain ob bone intensity.
Cardiovascular System: * Improve cardiovascular function, by increasing
cardiac output and strength of heart muscle contraction.
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Benefits of exercise on body system
Respiratory System: *Increase ventilation
GI tract System: *Improve appetite, digestion and elimination Metabolic System: *Increase metabolic rate
Urinary System: *Improve excretion of the urinary waste
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Benefits of exercise on body system
Psychoneurologic System: * Enhance sense of wellbeing and improve tolerance
to stress
* Enhance of sleep pattern related to increase energy level
* Improve self concept and self esteem by decrease depression
Intigumentary System: * Maintain skin integrity
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Positions
Performing by the nurse for procedure and protect client body from injury and maintain muscle tone and prevent complication.
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Positions and Uses
Dorsal (supine): * Place patient on back for comfort, change position
* used for physical assessment
Dorsal recumbent: * Place patient on back, legs flexed and slightly rotated outward
*Used for pelvic examination, female catheterization, perinal care
Semi-fowler’s position: * Sitting position with or without positioning pillow at
head 45-60 degree. used for eating and facilitate breathing
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Positions and Uses
High fowler’s position: *Patient sits straight up in the bed at 90 degree angle
Lithotomy position: * Supine position with flexed knee and hips, thigh abducted and
rotated externally
* Used for Vaginal examination, vaginal hysterecectomy
Prone position: * Laying flat on the abdomen, arm flexed toward head,
head aside
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Factors Affecting Mobility
Health Status Developmental Stage
• Children• Adolescents• Adults
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Factors Affecting Mobility
Environment• Attitudes and Beliefs• Lifestyle
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Nursing Diagnoses
Activity Intolerance Impaired Physical Mobility Risk of Disuse Syndrome Self-Care Deficits Altered Health Maintenance Risks for Falls
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Planning and Outcome Identification
Interventions• Bed Rest• Restorative Nursing Care• Health Promotion and Fitness
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Implementation
Range-of-Motion Exercises• Performed several times a day.• Each joint is placed through its full functional
motion.
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Implementation
Transfer Techniques• Moving clients• Logrolling the client• Transferring from bed to chair• Transferring from bed to stretcher• Assistive devices
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Implementation
Assisting with Ambulation• Preparing the client to walk• Client education• Preambulating exercise
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Assisting with Ambulation
Nurse promotes safety of a client using a quad cane.
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Assisting with Ambulation
Assistive Devices• Canes• Walkers• Crutches