Chapter 9 SlidesPART 2

Cellular Reproduction

2

Interphase

Prophase

Metaphase

Anaphase

Telophase

Name the Mitotic Stages:

Stop- Color time!!

Complete the coloring packet and questions.• Turn in by end of class

• Chapter 9 in the book will help!!

What factors control cell division?

Bio NOTES: Regulation of the Cell Cycle

Factors that regulate cell division: 1. internal factors 2. external factors 3. apoptosis

Internal Factors- come from inside the cell and are triggered by external factors

Cell growth and division must be controlled and regulatedwithin the cell or serious problems can occur, like cancer.

cyclins - proteins that activate kinases - rapidly made and destroyed at certain points of cell cycle

External Factors

External factors – come from outside the cell, from nearby cells and distant parts of body

2. growth factors - growth factors are proteins that stimulate cell division - these come from other cells - cells grow and divide in response to a combination of different growth factors, not just one

Include physical and chemical signals:1. cell-to-cell contact - once a cell touches other cells, it stops dividing

3. hormones - may stimulate the growth of certain cell types - one growth hormone results in bone growth

webbed fingers

Uses of apoptosis: - embryonic and infant development - cell death of old cells

Apoptosis

Apoptosis – programmed cell death (cell suicide)- caused by a cell’s production of self-destructive enzymes- it is a normal feature of healthy organisms

In early stages of development, human embryos have webbing between fingers and toes. These cells typically go throughapoptosis before a baby is born.

- the nucleus will shrink and break apart, and cells from the immune system will gobble up the cell and recycle its parts

• Cancer is caused by changes in the genes that control normal cell growth and death• Cancer occurs when cells continue to grow and divide and do not die when they should

What is Cancer?Cancer Basics

cancer cellbloodstream

normal cell

- Benign tumors remain clustered and can be removed.- Malignant tumors metastasize, or break away, and can form more tumors.

Cancer cells form disorganized clumps called tumors.

The changes that cause cancer may be inherited, or may result from environmental or lifestyle factors.

Causes of Cancer:• external factors – tobacco, chemicals, radiation, and infectious organisms• internal factors – inherited mutations, hormones, disease

Treatments for Cancer:• surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormones, and immunotherapy

carcinogen – any substance known to produce or promote the development of cancer

* radiation – uses radiation to kill cancer cells in a specific region* chemotherapy – uses drugs to kill actively dividing cells

- both of these also kill healthy cells

Tumors are present during 2nd stage

metastisis = when cancer spreads to other parts of body

Carcinogen Group Study

• Review list of carcinogen• Research 10 carcinogens• Summarize and prepare a brochure to

inform your peers about them