chapter 9 respiration. the route from food to energy glucose then with oxygen aerobic respiration...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 9
Respiration
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The route from food to energyGlucose
Then
With oxygen
Aerobic Respiration
Without oxygen
Fermentation
Alcoholic
Lactic Acid
Goes through Glycolysis
Not a lot of ATP made
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The route from food to energyGlucose
Then
With oxygen
Aerobic Respiration
Without oxygen
Fermentation
Alcoholic
Lactic Acid
Goes through Glycolysis
Not a lot of ATP made
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Glycolysis Breaks glucose down into 2 pyruvic acid
molecules Occurs in cytoplasm
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Glycolysis 2 ATP invested 4 ATP generated
2 “net” ATP gained
Fast process! But… runs out of NAD+ rather quickly
Process can’t go further
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Glucose
Then
With oxygen
Aerobic Respiration
Without oxygen
Fermentation
Alcoholic
Lactic Acid
Goes through Glycolysis
Not a lot of ATP made
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Fermentation Occurs after glycolysis Does not require oxygen
Anaerobic
Switches NADH back into NAD+ Allows glycolysis to continue
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Fermentation Two flavors
Alcoholic fermentation
Lactic acid fermentation
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Alcoholic fermentation Done by yeast and other microbes
Formula
Makes bread, wine, and other food products
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Lactic Acid Fermentation Done in our muscles!
And other cells too
Formula
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Lactic Acid Fermentation Done in muscles during rapid exercise
Lactic acid causes the pH to drop in your cells Makes you feel a burn, stop until you can get O2
again
Makes cheese, yogurt, buttermilk, sour cream and other products
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ALCOHOLIC LACTIC ACID
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Glucose
Then
With oxygen
Aerobic Respiration
Without oxygen
Fermentation
Alcoholic
Lactic Acid
Goes through Glycolysis
Not a lot of ATP made
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Aerobic Respiration After glycolysis Only in eukaryotes Require oxygen—aerobic
NOT THE SAME AS REGULAR RESPIRATION!
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Where does aerobic respiration happen? In the mitochondria!
Mitochondria are organelles that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use
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2 Main steps of Aerobic Respiration1. Kreb’s cycle
o Pyruvic acid is broken down into CO2 in a series of energy-extracting reactions
• Also known as the Citric Acid Cycle• 2 ATP are generated
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Kreb’s Cycle
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2 Main steps of Aerobic Respiration2. Electron Transport Chain
o Uses high energy electrons from the Kreb’s cycle to convert ADP into ATPo 32 ATP are produced
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Comparing Aerobic Respiration to glycolysis and Fermentation Glycolysis 2 ATP
Fermentation 0 ATP
Kreb’s Cycle 2 ATP
Electron transport 32 ATP
Anaerobic _________ Aerobic ___________
AEROBIC RESPIRATION is 18 TIMES
MORE EFFICIENT!
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Where to go for energy? Instant energy—glycolysis LESS
ATP
Fast energy—fermentation
Slow energy—cellular respiration MOST ATP
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