chapter 9 regional atlas of latin america. section1: landforms and resources latin: because the...

34
Chapter 9 Regional Atlas of Latin America

Upload: louisa-blake

Post on 22-Dec-2015

224 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Chapter 9 Regional Atlas of Latin America. Section1: Landforms and Resources Latin: because the major Languages of the region, Spanish & Portuguese,

Chapter 9Regional Atlas of Latin America

Page 2: Chapter 9 Regional Atlas of Latin America. Section1: Landforms and Resources Latin: because the major Languages of the region, Spanish & Portuguese,
Page 3: Chapter 9 Regional Atlas of Latin America. Section1: Landforms and Resources Latin: because the major Languages of the region, Spanish & Portuguese,
Page 4: Chapter 9 Regional Atlas of Latin America. Section1: Landforms and Resources Latin: because the major Languages of the region, Spanish & Portuguese,
Page 5: Chapter 9 Regional Atlas of Latin America. Section1: Landforms and Resources Latin: because the major Languages of the region, Spanish & Portuguese,

Section1: Landforms and Resources • Latin: because the major Languages of the region,

Spanish & Portuguese, are derived from the Latin language.

• 1. Mountains & Highland: Latin America part of North America, all of Central and South America, and the Caribbean Islands.

• A. Mexico is often called a country of Mountains. Two major mts. Ranges that shapes Northern Mexico.

• Sierra Madre Oriental on the east.• Sierra Madre Occidental: west• Sierra Madre del Sur: both mts. Connect in the south.• The Andes Mts. Of the South America• 2. Other ranges in Latin America include the Guiana

Highlands and Brazilian Highlands. Highlands are make up of the mountainous or hilly sections of a country. The include parts of Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and Brazil.

Page 6: Chapter 9 Regional Atlas of Latin America. Section1: Landforms and Resources Latin: because the major Languages of the region, Spanish & Portuguese,
Page 7: Chapter 9 Regional Atlas of Latin America. Section1: Landforms and Resources Latin: because the major Languages of the region, Spanish & Portuguese,

II. Plains for Grain and Livestock: South America has wide plains that offer rich soil for growing crops

and grasses for grazing Livestock.

• 3. Colombia and Venezuela contain vast plains called llanos, which are grassy, treeless areas used for livestock grazing and farming.

• 4. Brazil also contains expansive plains in the interior of the country. These are the cerrado, savannas with flat terrain and moderate rainfall that make them suitable for farming.

• 5. In parts of South America, the plains are known as pampas, area of grasslands and rich soil. Pampas are found in northern Argentina and Uruguay. The main products are cattle and wheat grain.

Page 8: Chapter 9 Regional Atlas of Latin America. Section1: Landforms and Resources Latin: because the major Languages of the region, Spanish & Portuguese,

III. The countries of Central America & the Caribbean do not have the extensive river systems that are found in South America. South America has three major river systems.

• 6. Farther south, the Amazon River flows about 4,000 miles from west to east, emptying into the Atlantic Ocean.

• 7. The Orinoco River winds though the northern part of the continent, mainly in Venezuela. It flows more than 1,500 miles, partly along the Colombia-Venezuela border, to the Atlantic.

• The Parana River has its origins in the highlands of southern Brazil. It travels about 3,000 miles south and west through Paraguay and Argentina, where it is fed by several rivers, and then turns eastward.

Page 9: Chapter 9 Regional Atlas of Latin America. Section1: Landforms and Resources Latin: because the major Languages of the region, Spanish & Portuguese,
Page 10: Chapter 9 Regional Atlas of Latin America. Section1: Landforms and Resources Latin: because the major Languages of the region, Spanish & Portuguese,

IV. The Caribbean Island consist of three major groups: the Bahamas, the Greater Antilles, & the

Lesser Antilles. Together they sometimes called the West Indies.

• 8. The Greater Antilles are made up of the larger islands in the Caribbean. These include Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, & Puerto Rico.

• The Lesser Antilles are the smaller islands in the region southeast of Puerto Rico. They are divided into the Windward islands and the Leeward islands. Located between the Gulf Mexico & the Atlantic Ocean which were created by volcanic activity or rocklike skeletons of tiny sea animals.

Page 11: Chapter 9 Regional Atlas of Latin America. Section1: Landforms and Resources Latin: because the major Languages of the region, Spanish & Portuguese,
Page 12: Chapter 9 Regional Atlas of Latin America. Section1: Landforms and Resources Latin: because the major Languages of the region, Spanish & Portuguese,

V. Latin America is a treasure house of natural resources. They include gold, silver, oil, natural gas,

agricultural & forest resources.

• 1. Gold, silver, iron, copper, bauxite (aluminum), tin, lead, and nickel—all these minerals are abundant in Latin America. Many of these minerals are mined and then exported to other parts of the world, where they are made into valuable goods.

• 2. Oil, coal, natural gas , uranium, and hydroelectric power are all plentiful in Latin America. Mexico and Venezuela have major oil reserves. Brazil is rich in hydroelectric. Trinidad has discovered vast reserves of natural gas.

Page 13: Chapter 9 Regional Atlas of Latin America. Section1: Landforms and Resources Latin: because the major Languages of the region, Spanish & Portuguese,
Page 14: Chapter 9 Regional Atlas of Latin America. Section1: Landforms and Resources Latin: because the major Languages of the region, Spanish & Portuguese,

1. How have the Andes Mountains affected the settlement

of South America?

• The Andes are a barrier to movement between the Pacific coast in the interior of the continent. Countries on the eastern and northern coasts are easier to reach and to travel in. These countries are more heavily settled.

Page 15: Chapter 9 Regional Atlas of Latin America. Section1: Landforms and Resources Latin: because the major Languages of the region, Spanish & Portuguese,

Section 2

Climate and Vegetation

Page 16: Chapter 9 Regional Atlas of Latin America. Section1: Landforms and Resources Latin: because the major Languages of the region, Spanish & Portuguese,

I. A Varied Climate and Vegetation

• The Climate of Latin America ranges from the hot and humid Amazon River basin to the dry and desert-like conditions of northern Mexico and southern Chile. Rain Forest, desert, and savanna are all found in the region.

Page 17: Chapter 9 Regional Atlas of Latin America. Section1: Landforms and Resources Latin: because the major Languages of the region, Spanish & Portuguese,
Page 18: Chapter 9 Regional Atlas of Latin America. Section1: Landforms and Resources Latin: because the major Languages of the region, Spanish & Portuguese,

Chapter 9 Section 2

The tropical zones of the region produce both rain forests and the tree-dotted grasslands known as

Savannas.

• 1. Tropical wet• 2. Central

America, the Caribbean

• 3. Hot & rainy year-round

• 4. Tropical wet & dry

• 5.Brazil, Colombia, Argentina

• 6. Hot with seasonal rain

• 7. Semiarid• 8. Mexico, Brazil,

Uruguay, Argentina

Page 19: Chapter 9 Regional Atlas of Latin America. Section1: Landforms and Resources Latin: because the major Languages of the region, Spanish & Portuguese,

Dry climate zones: Dry climate are found in Mexico & different countries of South America, but neither Central

America or the Caribbean have dry climate.

• 9. Dry with some rain

• 10. Desert• 11. Parts of

northern Mexico, the coast of Peru, northern Chile, southern Argentina.

• 12. Dry

• 13. Humid subtropical

• 14. Parts of Paraguay, Uruguay, southern Brazil, southern Bolivia, and Northern Argentina

• 15. Rainy winters & hot, humid summers

• 16Mediterranean

Page 20: Chapter 9 Regional Atlas of Latin America. Section1: Landforms and Resources Latin: because the major Languages of the region, Spanish & Portuguese,

The mid-latitude, moderate climate zones in the region are located south of the equator.

• 17. Part of Chile along the west coast

• 18. Hot, dry summers & cool, moist winters.

• 19. Marine west coast

• 20. Parts of southern Chile & Argentina

• 21. Cool, rainy winters and mild, rainy summers

• 22. Highlands• 23. Mts. Of

Mexico and South America

• 24. Varies with altitude, from moderate to cold

Page 21: Chapter 9 Regional Atlas of Latin America. Section1: Landforms and Resources Latin: because the major Languages of the region, Spanish & Portuguese,

Region of Mexico

East Coast:Coastal Plain east of Sierra

Madre Oriental, much rainfall near mts., in

S.E., Occasional Hurricanes, oil & gas

Fields in Gulf of Mexico

Central Mexico: Mexican Plateau, valley of Mexico, tectonic Activity, dry rain

Shadow; cool high land climates

West Coast: Coastal PlainWest of sierra madre

Occidental, arid,& semiarid Climates, desert &

Scrubvegetation

Southern Mexico: small mts.,Ranges, narrow valley,

Volcanoes pleasant Subtropical

Climates in coastal valley

Page 22: Chapter 9 Regional Atlas of Latin America. Section1: Landforms and Resources Latin: because the major Languages of the region, Spanish & Portuguese,

Chapter 9: Section 3Human-Environment interaction

Page 23: Chapter 9 Regional Atlas of Latin America. Section1: Landforms and Resources Latin: because the major Languages of the region, Spanish & Portuguese,
Page 24: Chapter 9 Regional Atlas of Latin America. Section1: Landforms and Resources Latin: because the major Languages of the region, Spanish & Portuguese,

I. Native people were the first to change environment to grow food. The burn the forest to clear land, diverted streams to

irrigate crops, & they raised field in swampy areas plus carved terraces on hillsides.

1. Slash-and-Burn: Method of clearing a field by cutting & burning trees, grasses, & brush.

• 2. Effects: creates fertile soil it will exhausted, and farmers have to move on.

• 3. Terraced Farming: The cutting of step-like horizontal fields into hillsides.

• 4. Effects: great for farming in hills & reduces soil erosion.

Page 25: Chapter 9 Regional Atlas of Latin America. Section1: Landforms and Resources Latin: because the major Languages of the region, Spanish & Portuguese,

• Argentina, Chile, & Uruguay are the most highly urbanized countries in South America. Here more then 85% of the people live in cities. People move to the cities in the hope of improving their lives. Many struggle to feed their families by subsistence farming. Both push and pull factors are at work in moving peasants & farmers off the land & drawing them to the cities.

Page 26: Chapter 9 Regional Atlas of Latin America. Section1: Landforms and Resources Latin: because the major Languages of the region, Spanish & Portuguese,
Page 27: Chapter 9 Regional Atlas of Latin America. Section1: Landforms and Resources Latin: because the major Languages of the region, Spanish & Portuguese,

II. Throughout Latin America, people are moving from rural areas into the cities. They leave farms and villages in search of jobs

and a better life.

5. Push Factors: Factors that push people to leave rural areas.( poor medical care, poor education, low-paying jobs, no ownership of land.

• 6. Effects: That cities are growing rapidly causing pollution, overcrowding, etc.

• 5. Pull Factors: factors that pull people toward cities.

• 6. Effects: reasons are higher-paying jobs, better schools, & better medical care

Page 28: Chapter 9 Regional Atlas of Latin America. Section1: Landforms and Resources Latin: because the major Languages of the region, Spanish & Portuguese,

7. Rapidly Growing Cities: Mexico City, Sao Paolo, Rio De Janeiro, Buenos Aires, Lima, Bogota, Santiago.

• 8. Effects: Slums, unemployment, crime, high levels of air pollution, shortages of drinkable water, & poor infrastructure.

Page 29: Chapter 9 Regional Atlas of Latin America. Section1: Landforms and Resources Latin: because the major Languages of the region, Spanish & Portuguese,

III. Tourism is a growing industry throughout Latin America. But despite the money, tourism is a mixed

blessing.

• Tourist spends money and helps to create jobs. New hotels, restaurants, boutiques, and other businesses. Luxurious cruise ships anchor in the port of a region and travelers spend money on souvenirs and trips around the islands. Local people profit from the visitors.

• Jobs for local resident: local guides, rafting, sailing, snorkeling expeditions. Informal economy.

• Tourism play a part in reducing the income gap.• Jobs in hotels, restaurants, and resorts.

Page 30: Chapter 9 Regional Atlas of Latin America. Section1: Landforms and Resources Latin: because the major Languages of the region, Spanish & Portuguese,
Page 31: Chapter 9 Regional Atlas of Latin America. Section1: Landforms and Resources Latin: because the major Languages of the region, Spanish & Portuguese,

1. Describe the advantage and the disadvantage of the growing tourist industry in Latin America?

• 1. Advantages of tourism: Creates businesses and jobs; brings money into the economy; can help reduce income gap.

• Resources would help the economy by bringing in more industry. A better standard of living.

• 2. Disadvantages of tourism: cars congestion & pollution; resentment among locals; local govt. get into debt because of infrastructure, & profits will sometimes not stay in the country.

• Rain forest development might cause some natural resources to be lost. Cutting of large number of trees could change the climate. Erosion would be a problem during the rainy seasons.

• Infrastructure.

Page 32: Chapter 9 Regional Atlas of Latin America. Section1: Landforms and Resources Latin: because the major Languages of the region, Spanish & Portuguese,

Questions• 1. How might landforms affect the way people in Latin America live?• They protect & isolated communities• 2. Where are the Sierra Madre & Andes mountains locates?• Mexico & South America• 3. What are llanos & where are they located?• Grassy & treeless plains & are located in Colombia &

Venezuela• 4. Name the two other plains of South America?• Cerrado & Pampas• 5. What are the three major river system in South America?• Orinoco, Amazon, & Parana

Page 33: Chapter 9 Regional Atlas of Latin America. Section1: Landforms and Resources Latin: because the major Languages of the region, Spanish & Portuguese,

• 6. What are the three major island groups in the Caribbean Island?

• The Bahamas, the Greater Antilles, & the Lesser Antilles

• 7.What country generates the most hydroelectric power & why?

• Brazil, because of its many rivers• 8. To grow food in the mountains, what technique is

used?• Terraced farming• 9. Where is the slash-and-burn technique of farming

used today?• Amazon River Basin• 10. Name 3 of most urbanized countries in Latin

America?• Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Bogata, Mexico city, Lima

Page 34: Chapter 9 Regional Atlas of Latin America. Section1: Landforms and Resources Latin: because the major Languages of the region, Spanish & Portuguese,

• 11. Why do people move to cities?• Better jobs, schools, medical care• 12. What are two advantages of tourism?• Increased in employment & more money to

local economy• 13. Why is there resentment between the local

population and tourists?• The gap between rich tourists & less well-off

residents causes resentment.