chapter 9 earthquakes. forces inside earth elastic limit – point at which rocks will remain bent...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chapter 9 Earthquakes. Forces inside Earth Elastic Limit – point at which rocks will remain bent or break, due to applied stresses. Faults – surfaces](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062714/56649d215503460f949f68bc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 9Earthquakes
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Forces inside Earth
• Elastic Limit – point at which rocks will remain bent or break, due to applied stresses.
• Faults – surfaces along which rocks break and move in different directions relative to the fault surface.
• Earthquake – the movement of the ground, caused by waves from energy released as rocks move along faults.
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Types of FaultsNormal Fault Reverse Fault Strike-Slip Fault
Plates move apart; Tension
Plates crash into each other; Compression
Rocks move past each other; Shearing
Ex. Mid Ocean Ridge
Ex. Rocky Mountains
Ex. San Andreas Fault
Aka Divergent Boundary
Aka Convergent Boundary
Aka Transform Fault Boundary
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Earthquake Information
• Focus – the point in Earth’s interior where earthquake energy is released.
• Epicenter – the point on Earth’s surface directly above an earthquake’s focus.
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Seismic Waves
• These are the waves of energy that move outward from the earthquake’s focus and make the ground shake
– Primary Waves – travel through the Earth by causing particles in rocks to compress and stretch apart (back and forth) in the direction of the wave. FASTEST WAVES
– Secondary Waves - travel through the Earth by causing particles in rocks to move at right angles to the direction of the wave.
![Page 6: Chapter 9 Earthquakes. Forces inside Earth Elastic Limit – point at which rocks will remain bent or break, due to applied stresses. Faults – surfaces](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062714/56649d215503460f949f68bc/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
– Primary Waves – travel through the Earth by causing particles in rocks to compress and stretch apart (back and forth) in the direction of the wave. (FASTEST WAVES)
– Secondary Waves - travel through the Earth by causing particles in rocks to move at right angles to the direction of the wave.
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Surface Waves• These waves are emitted from the epicenter of an
earthquake. Give particles an elliptical and back/forth motion.
• These cause buildings to collapse. These waves cause the most destruction. (SLOWEST WAVES)