chapter 9 design guidance and design rationale. uide chapter 9 sources of design guidance standards...
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Chapter 9Chapter 9
Design guidance andDesign guidance anddesign rationaledesign rationale
UIDE Chapter 9UIDE Chapter 9
Sources of Design GuidanceSources of Design Guidance
• StandardsStandards– User interface standardUser interface standard
• Design GuidelinesDesign Guidelines
• Style GuideStyle Guide
UIDE Chapter 9UIDE Chapter 9
User Interface StandardsUser Interface Standards
• Official, publicly available documents Official, publicly available documents that define standards for user interface that define standards for user interface designdesign– ISO 9241 – ISO 9241 – Ergonomic requirements for Ergonomic requirements for
office work with visual display terminalsoffice work with visual display terminals– ISO 14914 – ISO 14914 – Software ergonomicsSoftware ergonomics– ISO 13407 – ISO 13407 – Human-centered design processHuman-centered design process– ISO 20282 – ISO 20282 – Operation of everyday productsOperation of everyday products
UIDE Chapter 9UIDE Chapter 9
ISO 13407ISO 13407Human-Centered Design Human-Centered Design Processes for Interactive Processes for Interactive
SystemsSystems• Benefits:Benefits:– Systems are easier to understand and Systems are easier to understand and
useuse– Discomfort and stress are reducedDiscomfort and stress are reduced– User satisfaction is improvedUser satisfaction is improved– Productivity and efficiency is improvedProductivity and efficiency is improved– Quality, aesthetics and impact are Quality, aesthetics and impact are
improvedimproved
UIDE Chapter 9UIDE Chapter 9
ISO 13407ISO 13407Human-Centered Design Human-Centered Design Processes for Interactive Processes for Interactive
SystemsSystems• Essential ElementsEssential Elements– Active involvement of and clear Active involvement of and clear
understanding of usersunderstanding of users– Appropriate allocation of functions Appropriate allocation of functions
between users and technologybetween users and technology– Iteration of design solutionsIteration of design solutions– Multidisciplinary design perspectiveMultidisciplinary design perspective
•Next: Style GuidesNext: Style Guides
UIDE Chapter 9UIDE Chapter 9
Style GuidesStyle Guides
• A typical guide includes:A typical guide includes:– Description of required interaction styles Description of required interaction styles
and user interface controlsand user interface controls– Guidance on when and how to use the Guidance on when and how to use the
various styles or controlsvarious styles or controls– Illustrations of styles and controlsIllustrations of styles and controls– Screen templatesScreen templates
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Commercial Style GuidesCommercial Style Guides
• Apple Interface GuidelinesApple Interface Guidelines
• Microsoft Windows XP UI GuidelinesMicrosoft Windows XP UI Guidelines
• IBM’s Common User AccessIBM’s Common User Access
• Motif Style GuideMotif Style Guide
• Sun Microsystems’ Java Look and Sun Microsystems’ Java Look and FeelFeel
• K Desktop EnvironmentK Desktop Environment
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Customizes Style GuidesCustomizes Style Guides
• Helps focus on design issues earlyHelps focus on design issues early
• Enables use of principles and Enables use of principles and guidelinesguidelines
• Steer decision making and serve as Steer decision making and serve as recordrecord
• Ensures consistencyEnsures consistency
UIDE Chapter 9UIDE Chapter 9
•Design Principles: Simplicity, Design Principles: Simplicity, Structure, Consistency, and Structure, Consistency, and ToleranceTolerance
– SimplicitySimplicity
– StructureStructure
– ConsistencyConsistency
– ToleranceTolerance
UIDE Chapter 9UIDE Chapter 9
SimplicitySimplicity
UIDE Chapter 9UIDE Chapter 9
StructureStructure• Organization of the UI in a meaningful wayOrganization of the UI in a meaningful way
UIDE Chapter 9UIDE Chapter 9
ConsistencyConsistency
• Uniformity in appearance, placement, and Uniformity in appearance, placement, and behaviorbehavior
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ToleranceTolerance
• Prevent user from making mistakesPrevent user from making mistakes– PreventionPrevention– RecoverabilityRecoverability
•Forward error Forward error recovery recovery - system accepts the - system accepts the error and helps the user to accomplish their error and helps the user to accomplish their goalgoal
•Backward error recovery Backward error recovery – – undo the effects undo the effects of the previous interactionof the previous interaction
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•AccessibilityAccessibility
– The Principles of Universal DesignThe Principles of Universal Design
– W3C Web Content Accessibility W3C Web Content Accessibility GuidelinesGuidelines
– Section 508Section 508
– The Limitations of GuidelinesThe Limitations of Guidelines
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7 Principles of Universal 7 Principles of Universal DesignDesign• Equitable use – Equitable use – useful to diverse abilitiesuseful to diverse abilities
• Flexibility in use – Flexibility in use – accommodates a wide rangeaccommodates a wide range
• Simple and intuitive use – Simple and intuitive use – easy to use & learneasy to use & learn
• Perceptible information – Perceptible information – communicates communicates effectivelyeffectively
• Tolerance for error - Tolerance for error - minimizesminimizes
• Low physical effort – Low physical effort – minimum fatigueminimum fatigue
• Size and space for approach and useSize and space for approach and use
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W3c Web Content W3c Web Content GuidelinesGuidelines• W3c Web Content Accessibility W3c Web Content Accessibility
GuidelinesGuidelines– 14 general principles of accessible design14 general principles of accessible design1.1. Provide alternatives to auditory and visual Provide alternatives to auditory and visual
contentcontent2.2. Don’t rely on color aloneDon’t rely on color alone3.3. Use markup and style sheets properlyUse markup and style sheets properly4.4. Clarify natural language usageClarify natural language usage5.5. Create tables that transform gracefullyCreate tables that transform gracefully6.6. New technology pages transform gracefullyNew technology pages transform gracefully
UIDE Chapter 9UIDE Chapter 9
W3c Web Content W3c Web Content GuidelinesGuidelines7.7. Ensure user control of time-sensitive content Ensure user control of time-sensitive content
changeschanges
8.8. Ensure direct accessibility of embedded user Ensure direct accessibility of embedded user interfacesinterfaces
9.9. Design for device independenceDesign for device independence
10.10.Use interim solutions (for older browsers to function)Use interim solutions (for older browsers to function)
11.11.Use W3C technologies and guidelinesUse W3C technologies and guidelines
12.12.Provide context and or entation informationProvide context and or entation information
13.13.Provide clear navigation mechanismsProvide clear navigation mechanisms
14.14.Ensure that documents are clear and simpleEnsure that documents are clear and simple
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Section 508Section 508
• Federal GuidelinesFederal Guidelines
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•Design RationaleDesign Rationale
– The Benefits of Recording Design The Benefits of Recording Design DecisionsDecisions
• Maintains decision processMaintains decision process
• Valuable to justify design decisionsValuable to justify design decisions
– How to Record Design DecisionsHow to Record Design Decisions
• Document only key decisionsDocument only key decisions
• Tabular design is easiest to comprehendTabular design is easiest to comprehend
• Categorized by dateCategorized by date