chapter 9 cellular reproduction section 1: cellular growth section 2: mitosis and cytokinesis...
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Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction
Section 1: Cellular Growth
Section 2: Mitosis and Cytokinesis
Section 3: Cell Cycle Regulation
9.1 Cellular Growth
Ratio of Surface Area to Volume
Chapter 9 Cellular Reproduction
Cellular Reproduction
As the cell grows, its volume increases much more rapidly than the surface area.
The cell might have difficulty supplying nutrients and expelling enough waste products.
Chapter 9
9.1 Cellular Growth
Transport of Substances
Substances move by diffusion or by motor proteins.
Diffusion over large distances is slow and inefficient.
Cellular Reproduction
Small cells maintain more efficient transport systems.
Chapter 9
9.1 Cellular Growth
Cellular Communications
The need for signaling ______to move throughout the cell also limits cell _____.
Cell ____ affects the ability of the cell to communicate instructions for cellular functions.
Cellular ReproductionChapter 9
9.1 Cellular Growth
The Cell Cycle
___ ________ prevents the cell from becoming too large.
It also is the way the cell reproduces so that you grow and heal certain injuries.
Cellular Reproduction
Cells reproduce by a cycle of growing and dividing called the ___ _______.
Chapter 9
9.1 Cellular Growth
__________ is the stage during which the cell grows, carries out cellular functions, and replicates.
_________ is the stage of the cell cycle during which the cell’s nucleus and nuclear material divide.
Cellular ReproductionChapter 9
9.1 Cellular Growth
___________ is the method by which a cell’s cytoplasm divides, creating a new cell.
Cellular Reproduction
The Stages of Interphase
The first stage of ____________, G1
The cell is growing, carrying out normal cell functions, and preparing to replicate DNA.
Chapter 9
9.1 Cellular Growth
Cellular Reproduction
The Second Stage of Interphase, S
The cell copies its _____in preparation for cell division.
Chapter 9
9.1 Cellular Growth
Cellular Reproduction
The Third Stage of Interphase, G2
The cell prepares for the division of its nucleus.
Chapter 9
9.1 Cellular Growth
How do little elephants grow up to be BIG elephants?
The process of asexual reproduction begins
after a sperm fertilizes an egg.
Skin cancer - the abnormal growth of skin cells - most often develops on skin exposed to the sun.
Cell that reproduce by asexual reproduction reproduce constantly.
Animated Mitosis Cyclehttp://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm
• Interphase
• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase
• Telophase & Cytokinesis
• Chromosomes are ___________(# doubles)• Chromosomes appear as threadlike coils
(____________) at the start, but each chromosome and its copy(_______ chromosome) change to sister chromatids at end of this phase
CELL MEMBRANENucleus
Cytoplasm
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
• Mitosis begins (cell begins to divide)• ___________(or poles) appear and begin to
move to opposite end of the cell. • Spindle fibers form between the poles.
CentriolesSister chromatids
Spindle fibers
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
Spindle fibers
Centrioles
• ____________(or pairs of chromosomes) attach to the spindle fibers.
Centrioles
Spindle fibers
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
• ______________(or pairs of chromosomes) separate and begin to move to opposite ends of the cell.
Centrioles
Spindle fibers
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
• Two new ________ form. • Chromosomes appear as chromatin
(threads rather than rods).• Mitosis ends.
NucleiNuclei
Chromatin
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Photographs from: http://www.bioweb.uncc.edu/biol1110/Stages.htm
• Cell membrane moves inward to create two daughter cells – each with its own nucleus with identical ________________.
Animal Mitosis -- Review
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Interphase
Plant Mitosis -- ReviewInterphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Interphase
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- Cell Division
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http://www.cellsalive.com/mitosis.htm
9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation
Cellular Reproduction
Normal Cell Cycle
Different __________ combinations _______ other activities, including DNA ___________, protein _____________, and nuclear ___________ throughout the ______ ______________.
Chapter 9
Cellular Reproduction
_____________ __________ Checkpoints
The cell _________________ has built-in ___________ that _____________ the cycle and can __________ it if something goes __________.
______________ checkpoints also have been identified in ____________.
Chapter 9
9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation
Cellular Reproduction
______________ Cell Cycle: ___________
__________ is the __________ growth and _______ of cells.
Cancer cells can ___ an __________ by ________ out _____cells, resulting in the _______ of tissue
_________.
Chapter 9
9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation
Cellular Reproduction
___________ of Cancer
The __________ that occur in the ___________ of cell ________ and _________ of cancer cells are due to ___________.
Various _____________ factors can ________ the occurrence of ________ cells.
Chapter 9
9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation
Causes of Cancer
___________________ ___________________ ___________________
Cellular Reproduction
Apoptosis
_______________ cell __________
__________ going through apoptosis actually _________ and _________ in a ____________ process.
Chapter 9
9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation
Cellular Reproduction
Stem Cells
____________ cells that can _______ into __________ cells when _____ the right ____________
Chapter 9
9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation
Cellular Reproduction
Embryonic Stem Cells
After ___________, the resulting ______ of cells _________ repeatedly until there are about _____-____ cells. These cells have ________ become _____________.
Chapter 9
9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation
Cellular Reproduction
Adult Stem Cells
Found in _________ tissues in the body and __________ be used to _________ and ___________ the ________ kind of tissue_________ controversial because the adult stem cells can be ____________ with the ___________ of their donor
Chapter 9
9.3 Cell Cycle Regulation
Cellular Reproduction