chapter 9 animal cognition - personal.tcu.edupersonal.tcu.edu/papini/comparative/cp3c animal...
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CHAPTER 9
ANIMAL COGNITION
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Learning Phenomena
Nonassociative Associative/Cognitive
•Classical conditioning
•Instrumental conditioning
•Rule learning
•Social learning
•Habituation
•Short term
•Long term?
•Sensitization
•Short term
•Long term?
General Specific
•Human language
•Song learning
•Imprinting
A tentative classification of learning phenomena
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Kohler’s problem solving experiments with chimps
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Rule learning
•A cognitive form of learning.
•Initial learning based on associative knowledge may
eventually lead to a cognitive resolution based on
rules.
Early stages
Instrumental
conditioningRule development
Late stages
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Tool use in fish (anvil) Video
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P_MYQy_eeTQ&feature=youtu.be
Duration: 2:01 min
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Tool use in birds (cars crushing nuts) Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BGPGknpq3e0
Duration: 2:15 min
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Tool use in birds
Egyptian vulture New Caledonian crows
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Tool making in New Caledonian crows (video) Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TtmLVP0HvDg
Duration: 0:40 min
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Learning Phenomena
Nonassociative Associative/Cognitive
•Classical conditioning
•Instrumental conditioning
•Rule learning
•Social learning
•Habituation
•Short term
•Long term?
•Sensitization
•Short term
•Long term?
General Specific
•Human language
•Song learning
•Imprinting
A tentative classification of learning phenomena
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Social learning
•Possibly associative at least in some aspects.
•Observing a response→outcome contingency in
another organism, usually a conspecific, or simply
copying a motor act observed in another organism.
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Imitation in quail
Demonstrator Observer
Pecking
Stepping
Akins & Zentall, 1996, J Comp Psychol, 110, 316-320.
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Imitation in quail: Results
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Learning Phenomena
Nonassociative Associative/Cognitive
•Classical conditioning
•Instrumental conditioning
•Rule learning
•Social learning
•Habituation
•Short term
•Long term?
•Sensitization
•Short term
•Long term?
General Specific
•Human language
•Song learning
•Imprinting
A tentative classification of learning phenomena
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2c8MMiytwNs&feature=player_embedded#at=74
Duration: 1:52 min
Language production in a dog Video
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XmtG4XrtbHo
Duration: 1:29 min
Language comprehension in a dog Video
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A bonobo named Kanzi has “spontaneously”
learned to understand spoken English and
(seen here) to use a computer keyboard to
made a variety of requests.
Primate cognition: “Spontaneous” language acquisition?
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Primate cognition: Language training in a bonobo named Kanzi Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dBUHWoFnuB4
Duration: 14:56 min
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Primate cognition: The mirror test for self-recognition
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GaMylwohL14
Duration: 2:32 min
Video
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Primate cognition: Social behavior and bonding in monkeys
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Vervet monkeys signal the presence of aerial and
terrestrial predators with distinctive calls. Others react
appropriately, climbing up vs. down a tree.
Primate cognition: Communication with semantic content
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Some chimpanzee cultures
practice group hunting of
monkeys.
Chimps engage in social interactions
while solving problems.
Primate cognition: Problem solving and sociality
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Experiments on sign language in
chimpanzees may be
controversial. However, they have
demonstrated the skilled use of
hand movements (gestures) by
these animals. This contrasts with
their poor control of sound
modulation (as needed for
speech).
Primate cognition: Communication via gestures?
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Use of gestures by
chimpanzees under
natural conditions.
Primate cognition: Communication via gestures?
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This picture shows the simple stone
tool making kit used by Kanzi. He
produced these flakes to cut through
ropes that were used to tie shut
boxes of food.
Primate cognition: Tool making?