9.1 9.2 (CRT)9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 9.7 *Chapter 9

9.1 9.1.1 * (Cathode Ray TubeCRT)CRTX

(Flat Panel DisplayFPD) (Liquid Crystal DisplayLCD)

206070(Twisted Nematic-LCDTN-LCD)80(Super Twisted Nematic-LCDSTN-LCD)90(Thin Film Transistor Active Matrix-LCDTFT AMLCD)

9-1CRTAMLCD

9.1 9.1.1 *9-1

*9.1 9.1.2 () cd/m2()(luminescene efficiency)(W)l m/W0.1 lm/W~1.5 lm/W1 lm/W~10 lm/W5:1100:1

*9.1 9.1.2 ()21/250 ms

*9.1 9.1.2 CRTLCDPDP

LCDMVA()IPS()ASM()

*9.1 9.1.3 -

*9-19.1 9.1.3

*9.2 (CRT)

*9.2 (CRT)

*9.2 (CRT)

CRT: (9-1)

: hv E -S -Q

SQ=1 E E Eg2~3 5m

*9.2 (CRT)1~2 kV()

: YF3:YbErYbErYF3Er3+

*9.2.1 CRT:

CIE()9-2

PAL1:1:1CRT9-2

*9-2CIE-xy 9.2.1 CRT

*9.2.1 CRT9-2CRT

*9.2.2 CRTCRT

Y2O3 : Eu (Y0.96Eu0.04)2O3(NH4ClLi2SiO3)1,340 oC1 h~2 h253.7 nm

: 2~3GeO2()K2OxSiO2x=1.5:

Y2O3 : EuGeO2Y2O3 : Eu

*9.3

*9.3 9.3.1 CRTFEDVFD(Vacuum Fluorescence Display)

CRT15 KV~30 KVFED300 V~8 KVVED20 V~100 V

CRTFEDFEDFED

FEDZnS

9-3ZnGa2O4ZnO:Zn9-3ZnGa2O4

*9.3 9.3.1 9-3ZnO:ZnZnGa2O4

*9.3.2 CRTFED106/cm2~109/cm2(1,000)103 A/cm2

*9.4 (PDP)9.4.1 PDPHeNeArKrXeHgAC-PDPNeDC-PDPNeArHgPDPHe : Xe (2%)Ar : Hg

Xe147nmHg253.7nm

NePDPArHg

Ne : Ar9-4NeArAr

: Ne* e- Penning

*9.4 (PDP)9.4.1

*9.4 (PDP)9.4.1 9-4

*9.4 (PDP)9.4.2

*9.4 (PDP)9.4.2

*9.4 (PDP)9.4.2

*9.4 (PDP)9.4.2 PDP(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)

PDP9-3:Y2O3:Eu3+BaAl12O19:Mn2+BaMgAl14O23:Eu2+9-4PDPCRTEL

*9.4 (PDP)9.4.2

*9.4 (PDP)9.4.2 9-4PDP

*9.4 (PDP)9.4.3 PDPPDP450oC~600oC380oC~400oC350oC

9-5PD200

9-6CS253 mm

*9.4 (PDP)9.4.3

*9.4 (PDP)9.4.3 9-6CS25

*9.5 (ElectroluminescenceEL)

()()

(Light Emitting DiodeLED)

*9.5

*9.5 9.5.1 ZnSZnSFeCoNi0.110-6~ 0.310-6

ZnSZnS

ZnS()CuAl3+Ca3+In3+ClBrI

*9.5 9.5.1 9-79-7ZnS14 lm/V9-7

*9.5 9.5.1 9-5ELZnS9-5

*9.5 9.5.1 9-6Cu:CuZnCu9-6ZnS:Cu,Cl

*9.5 9.5.1 (Film ElectroluminescenceFEL)

ITO

3.5 eVII VIZnSCaSSrSZn2SiO4ZnGa2O4

9-8FEL9-83.83eV(Mn)(EuTbCe)

*9-8EL 9.5 9.5.1 9-8EL9-83.83eV(Mn)(EuTbCe)

*9-9FEL9.5 9.5.1 ZnS : Mn2+ ZnS Zn S ZnS : Mn4 lm/W~5 lm/W60Hz300mcd/m2~500 mcd/m2

*9.5.2 (Organic ElectroluminescenceOEL)9-7(hole)(hole mobility)TPDNPBAlq3BAlq3BeQ2DPVBiAlq310-5 cm2/(V.s) 1s100 nm10 V

*9.5.2 Toshiba 3.5 inches Full color OLED

*9.5.2 9-7

*9.5.2 9-10Alqs(8Al)9-10OELCRT9-10Alqs

*9.6 (Light Emitting DiodeLED)pnnppn

LED(2V)(20 mA~50 mA)

*9.6.1 LEDpnLEDLED:(1)(2)(3)

*9.6.1 LEDpnpnnpGaAsGaPIII VGaAsn-GaAsp-GaAspnGaAs LED

0.1 eV9-8III V

*9.6.1 9-8-9-8III V

*9.6.1 LEDp(carrier)npn1

(direct transition)

(indirect transition)

*9.6.1 (a)(GaAs)(b)(GaP)(c)(GaP:N) 9-99-99-9(a)9-9(b)GaPN9-9(c)

*9.6.1 9-10GaPxAs1-xx 9-10GaAsGaPGaAsGaPGaP

*9.6.1

*9.6.2 LEDGaAsGaPInP(Bridgeman method)

(Liquid Phase EpitaxialLPE)(Vapor Phase EpitaxialVPE)(MBE)(MOCVD)

LED9-11LED

*9.6.2 9-11LED

*9.6.3 LED 9-11GaAlAsLED3cdInGaN2.5cdInGaAlPLED GaP : ZnOLED1970GaPLEDLPEGaPpnZn-O15%LED

GaP : NLEDGaP : ZnOLEDN565 nm0.3%~0.7%10

GaAsPLEDGaAs1-xPxxVPEnGaAsPZnpn650 nm

*9.6.3 LED GaAlAsLEDGa1-xAlxAsx900 nm640 nmGaAlAs(SH)(DH)20 mASH3%DH15%3,000 mcd

InGaAlPLEDInGaAlPLED660 nm555 nmLEDInGaAlP LED1,000 mcd9-11InGaAlPLED

GaNLEDGaNp

*9.6.3 LED 9-11LED

*9.6.3 LED 9-11InGaAlPLED

*9.6.3 LED 9-12InGaN/AlGaNLED InGaN DHLED9-12450 nm2,500 mcdLED

*9.7 1888Reinitzer(thermotropic liquid crystal)

(liquid crystal)

*9.7

*9.7

*9.7.1 (benzene ring)(biphenyl ring)(cyclohexane)(pyrimidine ring)(alkyoxycarbonyl)(methyleniminl)(azo-group)(azoxy)(alkyl)(alkoxy)(carboxy)(cyano-)(L)(d)L/d>4

*9.7.1 (a) (b) (c)9-13

*(1)(mematic): 9-13(a)9-14(director)nS

(6-2) : v i n n i =0 S = 1 S= 0 S = 0.5~0.6

(2)(cholesteric): 9-13(b)nP360o

9.7.1

(director)nS (6-2) : i n n i =0 S = 1 S= 0 S = 0.5~0.6 *9.7.1 9-14

9.7.1 (3)(smectic): 9-13(c)9-12 9-12

9.7.1 :(1)():

(2)(n)(e)(o)

n >0n

9.7.1 :(4)(V10)10%V10(1.5 V)

(5)(k33/k11)k33k11 k33/k11

9.7.2 LCD (Dynamic ScatteringDS)(Electric Control BirefringenceECB)9-13TN-LCD

9.7.2 LCD 9-14

9.7.2 LCD*LCD

9.7.2 LCD*9-16(v

9.7.2 LCD*9-17LCD

9.7.2 LCD**9-18

9.7.2 LCD***9-19 1.0

9.7.2 LCD****9-20

9.7.2 LCD****9-21

9.7.2 LCD****9-2223-

9.7.2 LCD****TN-LCDWBESTN9-23

9.7.2 LCD****

****

: (1)(2)(3)S*S*c S*l

2,0009-249-25 9.7.2 LCD

****9.7.2 LCD9-24

****9.7.2 LCD9-25

****9.7.3

9-15

****9.7.3

****9.7.3

****9.7.3 9-15

****9.7.3 9-269-26R1R2

****9.7.4 TNSTNFLCLCD

PVA(polyvinyl alcohol)PVAPVAOH

****9.7.4

****9.7.5 ITO

****9.7.5 ITO ITO()ITO()ITO

TNSTNTFT-LCD9-27TNSTN450oCTFTTFT LCDTFT650oC

ITOITOnITOITOLCDITOITO

****9.7.5 ITO 9-27

****9.7.5 ITO ITO()ITO()

ITOITO20 nm~30 nm 2.010-4 cm ~ 2.510-4 cm 1m2ITO