chapter 8.1 photosynthesis uses light energy to make food
TRANSCRIPT
CHAPTER 8.1CHAPTER 8.1
PHOTOSYNTHESIS USES LIGHT ENERGY TO MAKE
FOOD
PHOTOSYNTHESIS USES LIGHT ENERGY TO MAKE
FOOD
THE STRUCTURE OF CHLOROPLAST
THE STRUCTURE OF CHLOROPLAST
Chloroplast- the organelle in plants where photosynthesis takes place
Chlorophyll- chemical compound that gives plants the green color
Chloroplast- the organelle in plants where photosynthesis takes place
Chlorophyll- chemical compound that gives plants the green color
THE STRUCTURE OF CHLOROPLAST
THE STRUCTURE OF CHLOROPLAST
Mesophyll- inner layer of tissue in a leaf
Stomata- pores (openings), CO2 enters and O2 leaves
Veins- carry water, nutrients, and organic molecules
Mesophyll- inner layer of tissue in a leaf
Stomata- pores (openings), CO2 enters and O2 leaves
Veins- carry water, nutrients, and organic molecules
THE STRUCTURE OF CHLOROPLAST
THE STRUCTURE OF CHLOROPLAST
Stroma- thick fluid inside the chloroplast
Thylakoid- disc shaped sacs
Granum- stack of thylakoids
Stroma- thick fluid inside the chloroplast
Thylakoid- disc shaped sacs
Granum- stack of thylakoids
PHOTOSYNTHESISPHOTOSYNTHESIS
Two stagesLight ReactionsCalvin Cycle
Two stagesLight ReactionsCalvin Cycle
THE LIGHT REACTIONSTHE LIGHT REACTIONS
Converts the energy in sunlight to chemical energy
Steps:1) Chlorophyll molecules trap light energy2) Water is broken down3) O2 is released through stomata4) H+ ions are used to make ATP and
NADPH
Converts the energy in sunlight to chemical energy
Steps:1) Chlorophyll molecules trap light energy2) Water is broken down3) O2 is released through stomata4) H+ ions are used to make ATP and
NADPH
CALVIN CYCLECALVIN CYCLE
Makes sugar from CO2 and hydrogen ions from NADPH and ATP
Light independent reaction
Makes sugar from CO2 and hydrogen ions from NADPH and ATP
Light independent reaction
CLASSWORK/exit slipCLASSWORK/exit slip
1. Draw and label a simple diagram of a chloroplast that includes the following structures: outer and inner membranes, stroma, thylakoids. 2. What are the reactants for photosynthesis? What are the products?3. Name the two main stages of photosynthesis. How are the two stages related?
1. Draw and label a simple diagram of a chloroplast that includes the following structures: outer and inner membranes, stroma, thylakoids. 2. What are the reactants for photosynthesis? What are the products?3. Name the two main stages of photosynthesis. How are the two stages related?
CHAPTER 8.2CHAPTER 8.2
THE LIGHT REACTIONS CONVERT LIGHT ENERGY TO
CHEMICAL ENERGY
THE LIGHT REACTIONS CONVERT LIGHT ENERGY TO
CHEMICAL ENERGY
LIGHT ENERGY AND PIGMENTS
LIGHT ENERGY AND PIGMENTS
Sunlight is a form of electromagnetic energy
Electromagnetic energy travels in waves
Wavelength- the distance between two waves
Sunlight is a form of electromagnetic energy
Electromagnetic energy travels in waves
Wavelength- the distance between two waves
LIGHT ENERGY AND PIGMENTS
LIGHT ENERGY AND PIGMENTS
Electromagnetic Spectrum- range of wavelengths
Electromagnetic Spectrum- range of wavelengths
PIGMENTS AND COLORPIGMENTS AND COLOR
Pigment- a chemical compound that determines a substances color
AbsorbedTransmittedReflected
Pigment- a chemical compound that determines a substances color
AbsorbedTransmittedReflected
HARVESTING LIGHT ENERGY
HARVESTING LIGHT ENERGY
Photosystem- a cluster of chlorophyll in the thylakoid membrane
Photosystem- a cluster of chlorophyll in the thylakoid membrane
CHEMICAL PRODUCTS OF THE LIGHT REACTIONS
CHEMICAL PRODUCTS OF THE LIGHT REACTIONS
First PS (PSII) is known as the water-splitting photosystem
Breaks down H2OWaste products
OxygenHydrogen Ions
First PS (PSII) is known as the water-splitting photosystem
Breaks down H2OWaste products
OxygenHydrogen Ions
CHEMICAL PRODUCTS OF THE LIGHT REACTIONS
CHEMICAL PRODUCTS OF THE LIGHT REACTIONS
ETC connects the two photosystems
Makes ATP
ETC connects the two photosystems
Makes ATP
CHEMICAL PRODUCTS OF THE LIGHT REACTIONS
CHEMICAL PRODUCTS OF THE LIGHT REACTIONS
Second PS (PSI) is known as the NADPH producing photosystem
Second PS (PSI) is known as the NADPH producing photosystem
END PRODUCTSEND PRODUCTS
ATPNADPHOxygen
ATPNADPHOxygen
CLASSWORKCLASSWORK
1. Explain why a leaf appears green.2. Describe what happens when a
molecule of chlorophyll a absorbs light.
3. Besides oxygen, what two molecules are produced by the light reactions?
4. Where in the chloroplast do the light reactions take place?
1. Explain why a leaf appears green.2. Describe what happens when a
molecule of chlorophyll a absorbs light.
3. Besides oxygen, what two molecules are produced by the light reactions?
4. Where in the chloroplast do the light reactions take place?
CHAPTER 8.3CHAPTER 8.3
THE CALVIN CYCLE MAKES SUGAR
THE CALVIN CYCLE MAKES SUGAR
A TRIP AROUND THE CALVIN CYCLE
A TRIP AROUND THE CALVIN CYCLE
InputsATPNADPHCO2
OutputsSugar
InputsATPNADPHCO2
OutputsSugar
SUMMARY OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
SUMMARY OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS
CO2 + H2O + SUN --> C6H12O6 + O2
Light reactions occur in the thylakoid membrane
Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma
CO2 + H2O + SUN --> C6H12O6 + O2
Light reactions occur in the thylakoid membrane
Calvin cycle occurs in the stroma
CHAPTER 8.4CHAPTER 8.4
PHOTOSYNTHESIS HAS A GLOBAL IMPACT
PHOTOSYNTHESIS HAS A GLOBAL IMPACT
THE CARBON CYCLETHE CARBON CYCLE
The process by which carbon moves from inorganic to organic compounds and back
The process by which carbon moves from inorganic to organic compounds and back
PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND GLOBAL CLIMATE
PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND GLOBAL CLIMATE
Greenhouse Effect- the process when the earths gases (CO2) trap in heat and will not allow it to escape
Greenhouse Effect- the process when the earths gases (CO2) trap in heat and will not allow it to escape
CLASSWORKCLASSWORK
8.31. What are the inputs and outputs of the
Calvin cycle?2. Which stage of photosynthesis uses each reactant from the overall photosynthesis equation? Which stage generates each product from the overall photosynthesis equation?3. Why is the Calvin cycle called a cycle?4. What molecule is the direct product of photosynthesis? How is that molecule then used by plant cells?
8.31. What are the inputs and outputs of the
Calvin cycle?2. Which stage of photosynthesis uses each reactant from the overall photosynthesis equation? Which stage generates each product from the overall photosynthesis equation?3. Why is the Calvin cycle called a cycle?4. What molecule is the direct product of photosynthesis? How is that molecule then used by plant cells?
8.41. Give an example of carbon moving
from an inorganic compound to an organic compound in the carbon cycle. Give an example of carbon moving from an organic to an inorganic compound.2. How is carbon dioxide important to Earth's climate?
8.41. Give an example of carbon moving
from an inorganic compound to an organic compound in the carbon cycle. Give an example of carbon moving from an organic to an inorganic compound.2. How is carbon dioxide important to Earth's climate?