CHAPTER 8

World War I

Causes of World War

NATIONALISM Extreme pride,

devotion to a country Leads to: Competition for

POWER! Ottoman Empire

falling apart Austria-Hungary

pushed into Serbia Slavs push back, ask

for help from Russia

Causes of World War

IMPERIALISM Nations compete

for overseas colonies

Great Britain and France had colonies in Africa, Middle East, Asia

Kaiser Wilhelm II wanted colonies Needed…

Causes of World War

MILITARISM Policy of military

preparedness and building up of weapons

1900: Germany builds up navy to compete with Great Britain

Begins to create war strategies

SCHLIEFFEN PLAN: 2 front war with

Russia & FranceSurprise attack on

France through Belgium

Causes of World War

ALLIANCES: For

protection Created to

maintain peace!

TRIPLE ALLIANCE Germany Austria-

Hungary Italy

TRIPLE ENTENTE France Russia Great

Britain

BALANCE OF POWER: EACH NATION/ ALLIANCE HAD EQUAL STRENGTH

Predict: How will the alliance system lead to war?

Death of an Archduke

Archduke Franz Ferdinand (heir to the Austrian throne) went to Serbia to inspect his troops

He brought his wife Sophie

Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian NATIONALIST who didn’t like Austria Hungary shot both

How does an Archduke lead to a WORLD WAR?

Russian army mobilized troops, preparing for war

Germany views Russian mobilization as a threat against their ally Austria Hungary

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Austria-Hungary blames Serbia

Russia promises to protect Serbia

European Alliances Made

Triple AllianceGermany, Austria Hungary,

Italy

Triple EntenteEngland, France, Russia

How does an Archduke lead to a WORLD WAR?

Germany decides to make first move and invade neutral country: BELGIUM

Great Britain had promised to defend

Belgium

Great Britain declared war on Germany

Germany declares WAR against Russia

Alliances become War POWERS

Germany Austria-Hungary Italy

England France Russia

Central Powers Allied Powers

How did the death of an Archduke lead to a WORLD war?

Collins Type II

As the war began…

France still wore their old Imperial Uniforms

And their strategy hadn’t changed Line up Fire and CHARGE!

Forward Germans wore earth

tones And used MACHINE GUNS!

Trench Warfare!

Machine Gun lead to

Trenches

New and improved weapons

Trench Warfare led to

•Barbed wire•Poison gas•Grenades•Flame Thrower

•Tanks•Submarines• Blimps•Airplanes

Draw your own trench with weapons

Trench foot!

Trench warfare also led to

Trench Reenactment Game

Triple Entente Triple Alliance

Build “Trenches” with backpacks and desksUse new “weapons” to tag other sideIf you are hit you are OUT, come to the front of the roomLast person standing winsSend people out to pick up weapons, at their RISK

Take contract SERIOUSLYDo NOT aim for headDo NOT aim to KILL

ISOLATIONISM: a POLICY of NOT GETTING INVOLVED

Where is the United States?

UNRESTRICTED SUBMARINE WARFARE

Germany would fire on any ship aiding the Allied Powers

The Lusitania

Zimmermann Telegram

From Germany to Mexico Asked Mexico to threaten the US to stay

out of the war OR ELSE! Why would Mexico be better to threaten

the US? IF the US declared war on Germany, Mexico would declare war on the US After a German victory in WWI, Mexico

would get: Texas, Arizona and New Mexico (land

taken by US)

Selective Service Act

May 18, 1917

Men between the ages of 21-30 required to register to be drafted African American soldiers were

segregated Believed they would be a threat

after war Latinos went through English

training before fighting Harlem Hell

Fighters191 days

Convoy System

Destroyers or cruisers would surround troop-transport ships for protection

Allied Setbacks

1917- Bolsheviks, or Communists, took over Russia.

Vladimir Lenin made peace with Germany

Now it was a ONE front war

We provided new energy, fresh troops, new money and weapons

How did America help win WWI?

Home Front

PROPAGANDA

Posters, newspaper stories, speeches designed to influence people’s opinions

LIBERTY BONDS

Savings bonds that were a loan to the government

Regulating Food & Fuel:

Conserve at home, supply the troops

Schenk V. United States

Limits to freedom of speech during war

-clear and present danger

All Quiet on the Western Front

Why did the soldier dehumanize himself and others?

Trench life was horrible Killing others was horrible Watching your friends die,

being afraid to die yourself, must be horrible as well

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

We provided fresh troops, not wary from fightingFor the first time, the Allies went on the offense

Why did Americans help win WWI?

Armistice - peace

November 11, 1918:

Armistice went into effect

Guns fell silent

8.5 MILLION people killed

“war to end all wars?”

Late 1918 War crippling German economy Civilians lacked food Food riots and strikes erupted in

Germany Revolution swept across Austria-

Hungary Central Powers couldn’t get soldiers to

fight Austria-Hungary signed a peace

agreement with allies Germany surrendered its aircraft,

artillery, tanks, U-Boats

Fourteen Points

What we demand…is that the world be made fit and safe to live in; and particularly that it be made safe for every peace loving nation which, like our own, wishes to live its own life, determine its own institutions, be assured of justice and fair dealing by the other peoples of the world as against force and selfish aggression

Paris Peace Conference

Wilson went to Paris to lead peace talks

Republicans and others thought he should have stayed home to put the country back together

Wilson believed a lasting peace required an unbiased leader

LEAGUE OF NATIONS: international peacekeeping group of countries

The Treaty of VersaillesJune 1919

The Big Four

Woodrow Wilson USA

David Lloyd-George Great Britain

Georges Clemenceau France

Vittorio Orlando Italy

The Big Four at Versailles in 1919

TREATY OF VERSAILLES

9 NEW COUNTRIES:

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

POLAND

YUGOSLAVIA

ESTONIA

LATVIA

LITHUANIA

FINLAND

HUNGARY

IRAQ

MUCH harsher than Wilson wanted

Forced Germany to disarm its military

REPARATIONS: payments for damages and expenses caused by war Far exceeded what Germany

could pay Demanded Germany accept

sole responsibility Established a League of

Nations

IMPACT OF WWI

14 million dead

7 million permanently disabled

$280 BILLION

Monarchies overthrown: Russia, Germany, Austria-

Hungary, Ottoman Empire US emerges as world’s leading

economic power Europe lost an entire

generation of young men France was destroyed, England

in debt Germany crippled by

reparations

Before……………………After