Chapter 8 - PhotosynthesisPlant – multicellular eukaryotes that do photosynthesis.

“stationary animals that eat sunlight”

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) One of the most important compounds that cells use.

Stores and releases energy - adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

ATP consists of adenine, a 5-carbon sugar called ribose, and three phosphate groups.

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Adenosine diphosphate

(ADP) has two phosphate groups instead of three. ADP does not contain as much energy as ATP. Another P is added to ADP to form ATP.

Cells release the energy stored in ATP by breaking the bonds between the second and third phosphate groups.

Uses of ATP Powers protein pumps in the

cell membrane Powers cilia and flagella Power for synthesis of

proteins Powers proteins that contract

muscles Provides cell energy

How could a small seed become a giant tree?

Heterotroph – obtains energy from food it consumes

Autotroph – uses energy from the sun to produce food

Photosynthesis - autotrophs convert the energy from sunlight to produce high-energy carbohydrates (glucose)

Autotroph or Heterotroph

PhotosynthesisCO2 + H2O C6H12O6 + O2

LIGHT

Carbon Dioxide

Water

Glucose

Oxygen

Photosynthesis Takes place in the

chloroplast Thylakoids – saclike

photosynthetic membrane in the chloroplast

Grana – stacks of thylakoids

Stroma - the region outside of the thylakoid membranes

Photosynthesis (Overall)

Light

CO2H2O

Chloroplast

LIGHTREACTIONS(in thylakoids)

CALVINCYCLE

(in stroma)

NADP+

ADP

+ P

ATP

NADPH

O Sugar

Electrons

Light Dark

Factors Affecting Photosynthesis Shortage of water Temperature

Photosynthesis is controlled by enzymes that work best between 0 C and 35 C.

Light Intensity More light increases rate

of photosynthesis

Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration

9-1 Chemical Pathways

Chemical Energy and Food Cellular respiration happens slowly and in many

steps.

If all the energy was release in one step . . . Most would be lost as light and heat! Cellular respiration breaks down glucose

molecules and banks their energy in ATP

Chemical Energy and Food

The two equations are exact opposites!

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

___________ + _________ + ___________ →_______________ + __________CO2 H2O C6H12O6 O2

_____________ + _________ →________ + __________ + __________

CELLULAR RESPIRATIONC6H12O6 O2

CO2 H2O

Overview of Cellular RespirationOccurs in three main steps

Step 1: Glycolysis Occurs in the cytoplasm Breaks down glucose producing a

small amount of ATP Step 2: Krebs cycle

Takes place in the mitochondria Completely breaks down glucose,

produces a small amount of ATP Provides third stage of cell

respiration with electrons

Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3

Overview of Cellular Respiration Cellular respiration

Step 3: Electron Transport Chain (ETC) Occurs in the mitochondria Uses the energy released

from electrons to produce ATP

Stage 3

Overview of Cellular RespirationNADH

NADH FADH2

GLYCOLYSIS

Glucose Pyruvate(Electron Transport

Chain)

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Oxidative phosphorylation

Mitochondrion

and

High-energy electrons carried by NADH

ATP

ATPATPCO2 CO2

Cytoplasm

Substrate-level phosphorylation

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

KrebsCycle

Mitochondria Structure• Has a double membrane, with an intermembrane space

between the two layers.• Cristae are folds of the inner membrane• The matrix is the innermost compartment, which is filled

with a gel-like fluid.• Krebs Cycle occurs in the matrix.• ETC occurs on the inner membrane.

Organize your thoughtsWorking in pairs at your tables please address the

following: What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis

(reactants/products) What is light? How does it play a role in

photosynthesis? Write down everything that you already know

about photosynthesis. Lastly, what is it that you don’t understand about

plants or photosynthesis?

Green Solar Cells1. What is responsible for the various shades of

green in plants?

2. What is the function of the stroma lamellae?

3. What evidence supports the theory that chloroplast were once invasive cells?

4. How is excess food stored?

5. How does the author define photosynthesis?

2

1

3

4

5

6

Light

CO2H2O

Chloroplast

LIGHTREACTIONS(in thylakoids)

CALVINCYCLE

(in stroma)

NADP+

ADP

+ P

ATP

NADPH

O Sugar

Electrons

Photosynthesis – Light and Dark Reactions

Light Dark

2

1 3

4

Dark Reaction (Calvin Cycle)

7._______

6._______

1._______

4._____________

3.___________

2._______________

5._____________

Homework (for Thurs. 12/9):

1.In text read pgs 230-2332.In 8.2 assessment on pg 234 answer question #1,2 and 3 all parts of each question

Using the light reaction diagram:

On your own, describe the four steps of the light reaction in your own words. Use complete sentences.

In pairs:1. See if you can write the chemical

equation for photosynthesis (inputs and outputs)

2. What is the organelle in plant cells that is most involved with photosynthesis

3. Explain why this organelle captures energy

4. If you had to summarize light (from the sun or from a bulb) in one word what would it be?

Light Reaction

1.

9.

6.

4.

5.

3.

Type of Transport =

Type of transport =

2.

7.

8.

10.

H+ Concentration =

H+ Concentration =