CHAPTER 8Medieval Empires and Borderlands:

The Latin West

The WestEncounters and Transformations

Levack/Muir/Veldman/Maas

Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

Chapter 8: Medieval Empires and Borderlands: The Latin West

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. The Birth of Latin Christendom

II. The Carolingians

III. Invasions and Recovery

IV. The West in the East: the Crusades

Chapter 8: Medieval Empires and Borderlands: The Latin West

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

(A. Germanic Kingdoms)

Franks

into Gaul, late 3d century

cultural blend

Salians, 5th century

Childeric (c.460-481)

Clovis (481-511)

Clotild, wife

Christian

Conversion507, Vouillé

defeats Alaric II

534, Burgunians

536, Provence

Charles Martel (719-741)

I. The Birth of Latin Christendom

A. Germanic Kingdoms

Anglo-Saxon England

Angles, Saxons

5th century

coins disappear

cities shrink

Christianity

Chapter 8: Medieval Empires and Borderlands: The Latin West

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

I. The Birth of Latin Christendom

A. Germanic Kingdoms

Visigoths

Arians

by 600, rule Iberia

711, conquered by Muslims

Lombards

control Italy, 568-774

Langobardi

Alboin (c.565-572)

751, Aistulf defeats Exarchate of Ravenna

Chapter 8: Medieval Empires and Borderlands: The Latin West

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

II. The Carolingians

Pepin the Short

deposes Merovingian king, 751

A. Charlemagne, 768-814

Conquests

Coronation

Leo II (795-816)

Dec. 25, 800

Administration

centralized

capitularies

Renaissance

Aachen

palace school

Alcuin of York (c.732-804)

Einhard (c.770-840)

Life of Charlemagne (830-833)

Latin

miniscule

Chapter 8: Medieval Empires and Borderlands: The Latin West

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

II. The Carolingians

B. The Division of Western Europe

Louis I (814-840)

succeeds Charlemagne

843, Treaty of Verdun

sons divide empire

Charles the Bald (d.877)

Lothair (d.855)

Louis the German (d.876)

Chapter 8: Medieval Empires and Borderlands: The Latin West

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

III. Invasions and Recovery

A. The Polytheist Invaders

Magyars (Hungarians)

cross Danube by 896

898-920, Po valley

955, stopped by Otto I

Árpád (d.907)

dynasty

Stephen I (997-1038)

Vikings

793, Lindisfarne

843, winter over

Britain

Danish, Norse

Chapter 8: Medieval Empires and Borderlands: The Latin West

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

III. Invasions and Recovery

B. Rulers

Lords and vassals

personal bond

C. After the Carolingians

East Francia

Dukes of Saxony

Otto I the Great (936-973)

Liutprand of Cremona (c.920-c.972)

West Francia

Hugh Capet (987-996)

Robert II, the Pious (996-1031)

Anglo-Saxon England

Alfred the Great (871-899)

1066, Norman Conquest

D. Conversions

Slavs

Scandinavia

Poland

Prince Mieszko (c.960-992)

converts, 966

Donation of Poland, c.991

Chapter 8: Medieval Empires and Borderlands: The Latin West

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

IV. The West in the East: the Crusades

1095, Clermont

Urban II (1088-1099)

Peter the Hermit (c.1050-1115)

A. Origins of the Idea

1071, Manzikert

Alexius Comnenus

B. Crusading Warfare

First Crusade, 1095-1099

1144, Edessa

Second Crusade, 1147-1149

1187, Salahadin retakes Jerusalem

Third Crusade (1189-1192)

Fourth Crusade

sack of Constantinople

Chapter 8: Medieval Empires and Borderlands: The Latin West

Levack et al., The West: Encounters and Transformations Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Longman, Copyright 2007

IV. The West in the East: the Crusades

B. Crusading Warfare

First Crusade, 1095-1099

1144, Edessa

Second Crusade, 1147-1149

1187, Salahadin retakes Jerusalem

Third Crusade (1189-1192)

Fourth Crusade

sack of Constantinople