Chapter 7 Section 2Chapter 7 Section 2Eukaryotic Cell StructureEukaryotic Cell Structure

BiologyBiology

Pgs. 174-181Pgs. 174-181

ObjectivesObjectives

______________ the function of ______________ the function of the cell nucleusthe cell nucleus

______________________ the functions of the the functions of the major cell organellesmajor cell organelles

Describe

Describe

Eukaryotic CellsEukaryotic Cells

Eukaryotic cells have _________ main Eukaryotic cells have _________ main structures:structures:

Cell MembraneCell Membrane CytoplasmCytoplasm NucleusNucleus

3

Cell MembraneCell Membrane

_____________________ - the outer _____________________ - the outer boundary double layer of phospholipids with boundary double layer of phospholipids with proteins embedded.proteins embedded.

It is called a_______________It is called a_______________ maintains homeostasis because it is maintains homeostasis because it is

selectively permeable. selectively permeable.

Cell Membrane

Lipid bilayer

CytoplasmCytoplasm

________________________________– gel surrounding the – gel surrounding the organellesorganellesCytoplasm

The NucleusThe Nucleus

NucleusNucleus– The nucleus is the ____________________ of The nucleus is the ____________________ of

the cell.the cell.– The nucleus contains nearly all the cell's The nucleus contains nearly all the cell's

____________________

Control center

DNA

RibosomesRibosomes

– One of the most important jobs carried out One of the most important jobs carried out in the cell is making ______________.in the cell is making ______________.

– Proteins are assembled on Proteins are assembled on ________________________________________..ribosomes

proteins

Endoplasmic ReticulumEndoplasmic Reticulum

The ____________________ is the The ____________________ is the transportation center for proteins inside the transportation center for proteins inside the cell. cell.

E.R.

____ types of ER—rough and smooth.____ types of ER—rough and smooth.

______________ ER has ribosomes on its ______________ ER has ribosomes on its surface. surface.

• Smooth ER _______________ have Smooth ER _______________ have ribosomes on its surface.ribosomes on its surface.

2

rough

Does not

The Golgi ApparatusThe Golgi Apparatus– modifies, sorts, and packages proteinsmodifies, sorts, and packages proteins– proteins are then _____________ to their final proteins are then _____________ to their final

destinations inside or outside the cell.destinations inside or outside the cell.shipped

LysosomesLysosomes

__________________________________________ filled with enzymes. filled with enzymes.

The _________________ crew or the stomach of the The _________________ crew or the stomach of the cell. cell.

Lysosomes also break down organelles that have Lysosomes also break down organelles that have outlived their usefulness.outlived their usefulness.

lysosomes

Clean up

Mitochondria Mitochondria 

– All eukaryotic cells contain All eukaryotic cells contain ___________________.___________________.

– Mitochondria ___________________ the Mitochondria ___________________ the chemical energy stored in food into energy chemical energy stored in food into energy the cell can use.the cell can use.

Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell.Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell.

Mitochondria

convert

Eukaryotic Cell StructuresEukaryotic Cell Structures

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Ribosome (free)

Ribosome (attached)

Golgi apparatus

Mitochondrion

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Cell membrane

Nucleus

Nuclear envelope

Nucleolus

Centrioles

Animal Cell

Plant cells have _____things animal Plant cells have _____things animal cells do not:cells do not: Vacuoles:Vacuoles: Chloroplasts Chloroplasts Cell WallsCell Walls

3

VacuolesVacuoles__________________ __________________ store materials store materials

such as such as waterwater, salts, proteins, and , salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.carbohydrates.

In many plant cells there is a single, large In many plant cells there is a single, large central vacuole filled with liquid. central vacuole filled with liquid.

Vacuoles

Chloroplasts Chloroplasts 

– Plants and some other organisms containPlants and some other organisms contain chloroplastschloroplasts

– _________________________ capture energy _________________________ capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy in a process called photosynthesis.energy in a process called photosynthesis.

Chloroplasts

Cell WallCell Wall

_________________ is extra support for _________________ is extra support for plant cells.plant cells.

Its outside the cell membrane.Its outside the cell membrane. Provides protection and rigidity for the plant Provides protection and rigidity for the plant

cell. cell.

Cell Wall

Eukaryotic Cell StructuresEukaryotic Cell StructuresPlant CellPlant Cell

Nuclear envelope

Ribosome (free)

Ribosome (attached)

Mitochondrion

Golgi apparatus

Vacuole

NucleolusNucleus

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Cell wall

Cell membrane

Chloroplast