Chapter 7

Hebrews and Judaism

Early Hebrews Between 2000 and

1)1500BC They appeared in

2)Southwest Asia Known as

3)Hebrews They were 4)sheep herders

Their religion is known as 5)Judaism

Early Hebrews The 6)religion uses

the Hebrew 7)Bible to record accounts of their 8)history

The Bible is traced back to a man named 9)Abraham

The Hebrews lived in: 10)Mesopotamia 11)Canaan 12)Egypt

Early Hebrews In Egypt the 13)pharaoh worried about the Hebrews gaining 14)power in the region

He 15)enslaved them to prevent their 16)growth

Early Hebrews A man named 17)Moses

becomes the leader of the enslaved 18)Hebrews

Moses 19)demanded the release of his people from 20)slavery

It was finally 21)granted after several years

The 22)journey out of Egypt is called the 23)Exodus

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Exodus This event is a

24)major part of Hebrew 25)history

They 26)wandered through the desert

They came to a mountain called 27)Sinai

Here 28)Moses obtains two stone tablets

ExodusOn them were a code of 29)moral laws

This is known as the 30)Ten Commandments

He 31)claimed that he received these 32)tablets from God

Return to Canaan After 33)traveling for

over 34)forty years they reached Canaan

35)Battles took place between the 36)Hebrews and the Canaan people

Once they 37)conquered the Canaan they settle down in the 38)region

Return to Canaan They become known

as the 39)Israelites They lived in small

40)communities They have no

41)central government

42)Judges were selected to settle 43)disputes in each community

Rise of the Philistines Around the mid-1000s BC

a 44)threat from the Mediterranean 45)coast arises

These 46)people were known as the 47)Philistines

The 48)Israelites banded together under one ruler named 49)Saul

Saul was the 50)first king of 51)Israel

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King DavidAfter the 52)death of Saul

A former 53)shepherd comes to power named 54)David

He was 55)admired for his 56)military skills

King DavidAccording to the Hebrew 57)Bible David was the one who battled with 58)Goliath

This story made him very 59)popular in Israel

He was well liked by the 60)Israelites

King DavidHe defeated the 61)Philistines

He established the 62)capital of Israel in 63)Jerusalem

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King Solomon After the 64)death of

David his son 65)Solomon takes the throne in 66)965BC

He 67)expanded the kingdom

He traded with the: 68)Egyptians 69)Phoenicians

He built a great 70)temple to God in 71)Jerusalem

King Solomon Around 930BC

72)Solomon dies Uncertain about who

should be 73)king, the region broke down into a 74)revolt

Israel was 75)split into two countries

The two new kingdoms were: 76)Israel 77)Judah

Jewish Beliefs They 78)believed in

one god (monotheism)

It’s the 79)oldest religion of its type

They believed that their 80)history was directly guided by 81)God

Their religion is the 82)foundation of the Jewish society

Jewish Beliefs Some of the other

83)central elements to the society includes: 84)Education 85)Justice 86)Righteousness

87)Obedience to the Law

Jewish Beliefs The 88)sacred texts

of the Jewish people include: 89)Torah 90)Hebrew Bible 91)Commentaries

Their house of worship is known as 92)synagogue

They believe in 93)Prophets

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Western World and the Jews Many ideas from the 94)Jewish faith

influenced the western world and its 95)traditions

Many 96)Americans still follow the Ten Commandments

Many don’t work on 97)Sundays in honor of the 98)Sabbath

Giving to the 99)poor and needy comes from the 100)teachings of these people

Rome takes Control of Israel The Romans took control of

Israel in 101)63BC A 102)civil war had broken

out in Israel between 103)Pharisees and Sadducees

Roman general 104)Pompey arrived and helped the Pharisees defeat the 105)Sadducees

Rome then 106)incorporated the region into the 107)Roman Empire

First Jewish Revolt Began in 108)66AD Led by the Jewish

109)Zealots Jerusalem was

110)destroyed during the revolt

111)Temple was destroyed

112)1,000 zealots flee to 113)Masada

Rome sends 114)15,000 soldiers to capture them

First Jewish Revolt After 115)two years

of fighting the Romans take control of 116)Masada

The zealots committed 117)suicide instead of being captured and forced to be 118)slaves to the empire

First Jewish Revolt After the 119)revolt

the Romans 120)massacred much of the population of 121)Jerusalem

Others were taken as 122)slaves

Those who could get out of 123)Jerusalem settled in Egypt at 124)Alexandria

Second Jewish Revolt 125)Sixty years after

the first revolt Again the 126)Romans

defeated the Jews Roman 127)officials

ordered any 128)Jew found in the city would be 129)killed

The Jewish population scattered throughout the 130)Mediterranean region

Changes for the Jewish People 131)Synagogues

become more important than the 132)temples

133)Rabbis took on a more important 134)role within the religion

They were 135)discriminated against and moved from the Mediterranean region to 136)European and Asian countries and finally the 137)United States