chapter 7 cellular structure and...
TRANSCRIPT
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Click on a lesson name to select.
Chapter 7 Cellular Structure and Function
Section 1: Cell Discovery and Theory
Section 2: The Plasma Membrane
Section 3: Structures and Organelles
Section 4: Cellular Transport
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Thin, flexible boundary between the cell
and its environment
7.2 The Plasma/Cell Membrane
Cellular Structure and Function
Allows nutrients into the cell and wastes to
leave.
Chapter 7
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Composed of the phospholipid bilayer.
Cellular Structure and Function
Consists of a glycerol backbone, two fatty acid
chains, and a phosphate group.
Chapter 7
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Selective Permeability or semi-permeable
Cellular Structure and Function
Lets some things in but not others. Sugars are
too big. Ex.-fish net, coffee filter
See picture p. 187
Chapter 7
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Fluid Mosaic Model
Cellular Structure and Function
The phospholipid
bilayer allows other
molecules (proteins,
carbs, and
cholesterol) to “float”
in the membrane.
Chapter 7
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Proteins
Cellular Structure and Function
Transmit signals inside the cell
Act as a support structure
Provide pathways for substances to enter and leave-
like sugars.
Chapter 7
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Carbohydrates
Cellular Structure and Function
Identify chemical signals
Chapter 7
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Cell Structure and Function
SPI 3210.1.2 Distinguish between
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
EQ-What is the main differences
between these types of cells?
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Parts of Prokaryotic Cells
1. Cell Wall in 99% of them
2. Cell Membrane
3. Cytoplasm
4. Ribosomes
5. DNA
6. Capsule (sometimes)
7. Flagella or cilia Capsule
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• SPI 32101.1 Identify the cellular organelles
associated with major cell processes.
• EQ-What are the functions of the cell parts?
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Cellular Structure and Function
Animal Cell Plant Cell
Plant and Animal Cell Structures
7.3 Structures and Organelles
Chapter 7
Cellular Pursuit
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Cellular Structure and Function Chapter 7
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Cellular Structure and Function
Animal Cell
Chapter 7
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Cellular Structure and Function
Plant Cell
Chapter 7
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Cellular Structure and Function Chapter 7
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Membrane Transport
SPI 3210.1.7 Predict the movement of water and other molecules across selectively permeable membranes.
Essential Question: What type of transport is used by a potato placed in different solutions?
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Passive Transport
Movement of particles across the cell
membrane without using energy-always
flows from high to low concentration
7.4 Cellular Transport
Cellular Structure and Function
Three Modes of Passive Transport 1. Diffusion
2. Facilitated Diffusion
3. Osmosis
Chapter 7
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1. Diffusion
High to low movement of many particles.
Ex.=smell of baking cookies
Cellular Structure and Function
Initial Conditions Diffusion
Low High
High Low
Chapter 7
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Diffusion is controlled by
Cellular Structure and Function
Temperature
Pressure
Concentration
Equilibrium=
Diffusion in = diffusion out
Molecules continue to move, but the overall
concentration remains the same.
Chapter 7
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Diffusion in a Cell--selective permeability -
water and oxygen move this way.
Cellular Structure and Function Chapter 7
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Concentration gradient
• A difference between concentrations
in a space.
• Molecules always move down
the concentration gradient, toward
areas of lesser concentration.
• Ex. –food coloring in water or air
freshener in a room.
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2. Facilitated Diffusion
Cellular Structure and Function
Movement of materials across
proteins channels. Allows ions,
sugars and salts to pass.
Different solutes pass through
based on size, shape, and
polarity.
Chapter 7
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Cellular Structure and Function
Carrier Proteins-
change shape to
help move
particles across
Channel Proteins-
allows substances
to cross through a
channel
Chapter 7
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3. Osmosis
Cellular Structure and Function
Diffusion of water across a selectively
permeable membrane
Three Types of Solutions
Isotonic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
Chapter 7
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Water molecules
move to the area with
higher concentration
of solute (sugar in
the picture) and
therefore a lower
concentration of
water.
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A simple rule:
• Salt is a solute, when it is concentrated
inside or outside the cell, it will draw the
water in its direction. This is why you get
thirsty after eating something salty.
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Blood Cell Plant Cell
Isotonic Solution: Iso=same
Cellular Structure and Function
Water diffuses into and out of the cell at the
same rate.
11,397x
Chapter 7
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Blood Cell
Hypotonic Solution: hypo=less
Cellular Structure and Function
Solute concentration is higher inside the cell.
Water diffuses into the cell so it swells.
Plant Cell
13,000x
Chapter 7
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Plant Cell
Hypertonic Solution: hyper=more
Cellular Structure and Function
Solute concentration is higher outside the cell.
Water diffuses out of the cell so the cell
shrinks. Blood Cell
13,000x
Chapter 7
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• 3210.1.8 Compare and contrast active and
passive transport.
• EQ-What are the main differences between
passive and active transport?
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Active Transport
Cellular Structure and Function
When substances move against the
concentration gradient- low to high
Uses Carrier Proteins or pumps and
energy-ATP
Chapter 7
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3 Types of Active Transport
Cellular Structure and Function
1. Na+/K+ ATPase pump
Moves Na+ ions out of the cell and K+ ions
into the cell
Chapter 7
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Cellular Structure and Function
2. Endocytosis=Enter
Process by which the
cell surrounds and takes
particles into the cell
Requires energy
2 types:
1. phagocytosis-”cell
eating” for large
particles
2. pinocytosis-engulfs
liquid or small particles
Chapter 7
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3. Exocytosis=Exit
• Secretion of material out of the plasma
membrane-uses vesicles
• Requires energy