chapter 7 cells and transport. hooke 1665 observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope....
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chapter 7 Cells and Transport. Hooke 1665 Observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope. Describe the structure of cork](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adabd2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 7 Cells and Transport
![Page 2: Chapter 7 Cells and Transport. Hooke 1665 Observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope. Describe the structure of cork](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adabd2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Hooke 1665Observed pieces of cork under a simple
microscope.Describe the structure of cork.
![Page 3: Chapter 7 Cells and Transport. Hooke 1665 Observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope. Describe the structure of cork](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adabd2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
•Hooke named the structures Hooke named the structures ““CELLSCELLS”.”.
•He named them after the rooms that monks He named them after the rooms that monks lived in at monasteries, because they looked lived in at monasteries, because they looked like empty rooms.like empty rooms.
![Page 4: Chapter 7 Cells and Transport. Hooke 1665 Observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope. Describe the structure of cork](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adabd2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Leeuwenhoek 1674•He used a primitive microscope He used a primitive microscope to look at many objects.to look at many objects.
•He saw tiny creatures swimming He saw tiny creatures swimming around and called them around and called them
““animalculesanimalcules”.”.
![Page 5: Chapter 7 Cells and Transport. Hooke 1665 Observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope. Describe the structure of cork](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adabd2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Schleiden 1838Concluded that all
plants were made of cells.
→
![Page 6: Chapter 7 Cells and Transport. Hooke 1665 Observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope. Describe the structure of cork](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adabd2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Schwann 1839Concluded that all
animals were made of cells.
→
![Page 7: Chapter 7 Cells and Transport. Hooke 1665 Observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope. Describe the structure of cork](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adabd2/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Virchow 1855Proposed that all
cells must come from existing cells.
![Page 8: Chapter 7 Cells and Transport. Hooke 1665 Observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope. Describe the structure of cork](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adabd2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The cell theory1st States that……..
ALL LIVING THINGS ARE COMPOSED OF CELLS.
![Page 9: Chapter 7 Cells and Transport. Hooke 1665 Observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope. Describe the structure of cork](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adabd2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
2nd States that….
CELLS ARE THE BASIC UNIT OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN LIVING THINGS.
![Page 10: Chapter 7 Cells and Transport. Hooke 1665 Observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope. Describe the structure of cork](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adabd2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
3rd and Finally states that…..
NEW CELLS ARE PRODUCED FROM EXISTING CELLS.
![Page 11: Chapter 7 Cells and Transport. Hooke 1665 Observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope. Describe the structure of cork](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adabd2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Let’s look at some cells!
![Page 12: Chapter 7 Cells and Transport. Hooke 1665 Observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope. Describe the structure of cork](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adabd2/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
List at least 5 differences between List at least 5 differences between these two types of cells.these two types of cells.
![Page 13: Chapter 7 Cells and Transport. Hooke 1665 Observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope. Describe the structure of cork](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adabd2/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes Prokaryotes – Smaller, more primitive
cells. Lack a nucleus and organelles. Examples: Bacteria and cyanobacteria
Eukaryotes – “True nucleus”. Have membrane-bound DNA and complex organelles. Examples: Animals, plants, fungi, protists (amoeba).
![Page 14: Chapter 7 Cells and Transport. Hooke 1665 Observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope. Describe the structure of cork](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adabd2/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes:Size
A macrophage eating E. coli and human cheek cells with bacteria.
![Page 15: Chapter 7 Cells and Transport. Hooke 1665 Observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope. Describe the structure of cork](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adabd2/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Plant and Animal CellsPlant cells have: A cell wall Chloroplasts No centrioles Large vacuoles
(some)
Animal cells have: No cell walls Centrioles
Plant and Plant and AnimalAnimal cells cells
have:have:
•MitochondriaMitochondria
•Cell membranesCell membranes
•NucleusNucleus
•All other All other organellesorganelles
![Page 16: Chapter 7 Cells and Transport. Hooke 1665 Observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope. Describe the structure of cork](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adabd2/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Cellular Organelles:
![Page 17: Chapter 7 Cells and Transport. Hooke 1665 Observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope. Describe the structure of cork](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adabd2/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Organelles found in Eukaryotes
Cell membrane-made of a phospho-lipid bi-layer, the membrane protects the cell and regulateswhat enters and exitsthe cell
![Page 18: Chapter 7 Cells and Transport. Hooke 1665 Observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope. Describe the structure of cork](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adabd2/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
illustrations:
![Page 19: Chapter 7 Cells and Transport. Hooke 1665 Observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope. Describe the structure of cork](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adabd2/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Endoplasmic Reticulum:An extension of the
nucleus inside the cell, the ER transports materials inside the cell and serves as a place for protein synthesis (Rough ER).
Ribosomes: sites of protein synthesis.
![Page 20: Chapter 7 Cells and Transport. Hooke 1665 Observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope. Describe the structure of cork](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adabd2/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Golgi Body:“flattened
pancakes” that take material traveling on the ER and package it and label it for intracellular or extracellular transport.
![Page 21: Chapter 7 Cells and Transport. Hooke 1665 Observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope. Describe the structure of cork](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adabd2/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Nuclear membrane:Surrounds the
nucleus and has pores which allow RNA to pass through the cytoplasm
Regulates protein messages to the rest of the cell
![Page 22: Chapter 7 Cells and Transport. Hooke 1665 Observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope. Describe the structure of cork](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adabd2/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Nucleus:Contains the DNA
on chromosomes. Site of the replication of DNA in the beginning of mitosis.
![Page 23: Chapter 7 Cells and Transport. Hooke 1665 Observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope. Describe the structure of cork](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adabd2/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Mitochondria: The “powerhouse” of
the cell. Mitochondria are kidney bean/oval shaped with a wavy internal membrane. ATP (the cell’s energy currency) is formed on this membrane. (Once bacteria??)
![Page 24: Chapter 7 Cells and Transport. Hooke 1665 Observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope. Describe the structure of cork](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adabd2/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Chloroplast:Found only in
plants, chloroplasts are oval shaped organelles that gather the sun’s energy to create ATP and assemble carbohydrates for plants to use in the future.
![Page 25: Chapter 7 Cells and Transport. Hooke 1665 Observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope. Describe the structure of cork](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adabd2/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Cell Wall:Also found only in
plants (and fungi), the cell wall is a rigid structure made of cellulose and lignin that protects a plant cell and gives it shape.
![Page 26: Chapter 7 Cells and Transport. Hooke 1665 Observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope. Describe the structure of cork](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adabd2/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Peroxizomes:Small vesicles
(bags) that contain various enzymes that convert fats to carbohydrates and convert H2O2 into water and oxygen.
![Page 27: Chapter 7 Cells and Transport. Hooke 1665 Observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope. Describe the structure of cork](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adabd2/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Lysosomes:Vesicles that
contain digestive enzymes.
![Page 28: Chapter 7 Cells and Transport. Hooke 1665 Observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope. Describe the structure of cork](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adabd2/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Vacuole:A large internal
storage place for wastes, food, or water. Common in plant cells.
![Page 29: Chapter 7 Cells and Transport. Hooke 1665 Observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope. Describe the structure of cork](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adabd2/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Cytoskeleton:The internal
framework of the cell composed of microtubules that give the cell its shape.
![Page 30: Chapter 7 Cells and Transport. Hooke 1665 Observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope. Describe the structure of cork](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adabd2/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Centrioles:Found only in
animal cells, the centrioles set up the framework that moves the chromosomes to opposite sides of the cell during cell division.
![Page 31: Chapter 7 Cells and Transport. Hooke 1665 Observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope. Describe the structure of cork](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adabd2/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Flagella and Cilia: Flagella: Complex
cables of microtubules that allow for cellular movement. http://www.microscopyu.com/moviegallery/pondscum/protozoa/peranema/t1/peranema03.html
Cilia: Smaller, more numerous flagella in a large area of the cell.
http://www.microscopyu.com/moviegallery/pondscum/protozoa/stentor/t1/stentor01.html
![Page 32: Chapter 7 Cells and Transport. Hooke 1665 Observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope. Describe the structure of cork](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adabd2/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Cellular Organelles: Organelles work together to allow the
cell to carry out important life functions. Use your notes and your diagrams to
help you study. Complete your cell models/activities for
side dishes. Include: cell membrane, nucleus, nuclear membrane, rough ER, smooth ER, Golgi body, mitochondria, lysosomes, and centrioles.
![Page 33: Chapter 7 Cells and Transport. Hooke 1665 Observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope. Describe the structure of cork](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adabd2/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
The cell membrane regulates what enters and exits the cell. Active transport – the movement
of particles across the membrane using energy (ATP). Examples: gated channels, endocytosis, etc..
Passive transport – the movement of particles without using additional energy. Examples: osmosis, diffusion.
![Page 34: Chapter 7 Cells and Transport. Hooke 1665 Observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope. Describe the structure of cork](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adabd2/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
A review:Solution – a mixture of two or more
substances
Solutes – the substances dissolved in the solution.
Water – the universal solvent.
Concentration – the mass of solvent in a given volume of solution.
![Page 35: Chapter 7 Cells and Transport. Hooke 1665 Observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope. Describe the structure of cork](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adabd2/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Passive transport: Diffusion – the
movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. When the concentration of the solvent is even throughout, the system has reached equilibrium.
Simulation in cells
![Page 36: Chapter 7 Cells and Transport. Hooke 1665 Observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope. Describe the structure of cork](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adabd2/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Passive transport, continued… Osmosis – the
diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane.
Selectively permeable – some particles can pass through while others cannot.
Water wants to reach an equilibrium!
animation
![Page 37: Chapter 7 Cells and Transport. Hooke 1665 Observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope. Describe the structure of cork](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adabd2/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Osmosis continued…Water moves to “dilute” out the more
concentrated solution so the free water content is equal on both sides of the membrane.
Isotonic solution – when the amount of solutes and water is the same on both sides of the membrane. Example: RBC’s and plasma.
Hypertonic – more concentrated solution. Example: Salt water.
Hypotonic – the less concentrated solution. Example: Red blood cell in salt water
![Page 38: Chapter 7 Cells and Transport. Hooke 1665 Observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope. Describe the structure of cork](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adabd2/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Red blood cells in various solutions:
![Page 39: Chapter 7 Cells and Transport. Hooke 1665 Observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope. Describe the structure of cork](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adabd2/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Passive transport, Continued… Facilitated diffusion –
Protein channels in the cell help certain molecules (glucose) through the membrane.
No energy used.AnimationWhat diffuses? Water, oxygen,
carbon dioxide, glucose…
![Page 40: Chapter 7 Cells and Transport. Hooke 1665 Observed pieces of cork under a simple microscope. Describe the structure of cork](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649de45503460f94adabd2/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Active Transport: Endocytosis – Uses ATP to “engulf” or take in food/water through the cell membrane.
Examples: Pinocytosis – taking in water by pinching in around it. Phagocytosis – taking in food/solids by pinching in. Exocytosis- Uses ATP to expel vesicles (proteins, solids)