chapter 6 understanding four- and five-year-olds
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 6
Understanding Four- and Five-Year-Olds
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Capitulo 6
Comprendiendo Niños de Cuatro y Cinco Años
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Understanding Four-and Five-Year-Olds
In this chapter, you will learn about physical development of four- and five-year-olds cognitive development of preschoolers social-emotional development of preschoolers teaching four-and five-year-olds
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Comprendiendo Niños de Cuatro y Cinco Años
En éste capítulo, usted aprenderá sobre desarrollo físico de los niños de cuatro y cinco
años desarrollo cognitivo de los niños preescolares desarrollo socio-emocional de los niños
preescolares educando niños de cuatro y cinco años
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Objectives
Describe the physical, cognitive, and social-emotional development of four- and five-year-olds.
Explain how you as a teacher can plan programs and relate to four- and five-year-olds in developmentally appropriate ways.
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Objetivos
Describir el desarrollo físico, cognitivo, y socio-emocional de los niños de cuatro y cinco años.
Explicar como usted siendo educador puede planificar programas y relacionarse con niños de cuatro y cinco años en maneras apropiadas de acuerdo a su nivel de desarrollo.
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Terms to Know
articulation stuttering rote counting
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Términos a Conocer
articulación o pronunciación tartamudeo conteo de memoria (rutina)
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Physical Development of Four- and Five-Year-
Olds Preschool children
are growing in more than just size. Gross motor
development Fine motor
development Self-help skills
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Desarrollo Físico de los Niños de Cuatro y Cinco
Años Los niños preescolares
crecen en muchas maneras además de su tamaño. Desarollo de las destrezas
motoras primarias Desarollo de las destrezas
motoras finas Destrezas de independencia
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Gross Motor Development
Four- and five-year-olds can hop on one foot walk down stairs
with alternating feet balance on one foot
for about 10 seconds walk backward
ride a bike with training wheels
climb fences and march to music
throw and catch
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Desarrollo de las Destrezas Motoras
Primarias
Los niños de cuatro y cinco años pueden saltar en un pie bajar las escaleras
alternando los pies balancearse en un
pie por 10 segundos caminar hacia atrás
correr la bicicleta con ruedas de entrenamiento
subir la cerca y marchar al ritmo de la música
tirar y agarrar la pelota
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Fine Motor Development
Children find it easier to build straight and tall towers draw forms more refined recognize letters print a few letters control writing tools stay within the lines when they color understand that the letter and sounds are linked
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Desarrollo de las Destrezas Motoras
Finas Los niños encuentran mas fácil
construir torres derechas y altas dibujar formas mas refinadas reconocer letras imprimir unas cuantas letras controlar las herramientas de escritura mantenerse dentro de las líneas al colorear comprender que las letras y el sonido están
relacionados
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Self-Help Skills
Preschoolers become more and more self-sufficient: Dress and undress with very
little help Use spoons and forks with
ease Take care of their own
hygiene
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Destrezas de Independencia
Los niños preescolares se vuelven mas y mas independientes: Se visten y desvisten con
muy poca ayuda Utilizan cucharas y tenedores
con facilidad Pueden cuidar de su propia
higiene
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Cognitive Development of Preschoolers
Children in this group make many gains in understanding the world around them through language
comprehension skills expressive language
skills math skills
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Desarrollo Cognitivo de los Niños Preescolares
Niños en este grupo pueden adquirir muchos conocimientos del mundo que les rodea a través de: destrezas en la
comprensión de lenguaje destrezas en la expresión
del lenguaje destrezas en
matemáticas
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Language Comprehension Skills
The language comprehension skills of four- and five-year-olds are constantly growing. They increase their understanding of space concepts become better at following three-step
commands have better understanding of the difference
between plural and singular start understanding the passive voice become confused about some statements
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Destrezas en la Comprensión de
Lenguaje Las destrezas en la comprensión de lenguaje para
niños de cuatro y cinco años están desarrollándose constantemente. Ellos aumentan su en el conocimiento de los conceptos de
espacio mejoran en su abilidad de seguir direcciones de tres
pasos poseen un mejor entendimiento en cuanto a la
diferencia entre plural y singular comienzan a entender la voz pasiva se pueden confundir con ciertas declaraciones
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Brainstorm
Provide examples of phrases that can confuse preschool children.
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Lluvia de Ideas
Provea ejemplos de frases que pueden confundir a niños en edad preescolar.
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Expressive Language Skills
Preschoolers become quite talkative. Articulation: the ability to speak in clearly
pronounced sounds; improves at ages four and five
Stuttering: repeating sound and pausing for unusually long times
Vocabulary: four-year-olds have about 1500 words, and five-year-olds have about 2000
Grammar: children start to learn that there are exceptions
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Destrezas en la Expresión del Lenguaje
Los niños preescolares son muy conversadores. Articulación o pronunciación: la habilidad de
hablar con sonidos claramente pronunciados; mejora a los cuatro y cinco años
Tartamudeo: repetir sonidos y pausar por tiempo inusualmente largos
Vocabulario: niños de cuatro años poseen alrededor de 1500 palabras, y los de cinco años poseen 2000
Gramática: los niños comienzan a aprender que hay excepciones
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Discuss
What are some activities you can implement in the classroom to help preschoolers learn the meaning of the words?
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Discusión
¿Cuales son algunas de las actividades que podemos implementar en el salón de clases para ayudar niños en edad preescolar a aprender el significado de las palabras?
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Math Skills
Number concepts become easier for children in this age group. Rote counting: reciting numbers in their proper
order True counting: when an object is counted for
each number named Money concepts: identify penny, nickel, and
dime Time concepts: understand the difference
between today, tomorrow, and yesterday
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Destrezas en Matemáticas
El concepto de números se hace mucho mas fácil para niños en esta edad. Conteo de memoria (rutina): recitar los
números en su orden adecuado Conteo real: cuando un objeto se cuenta por
cada numero mencionado Concepto del dinero: identificar el centavo, el
níquel, y la moneda de diez centavos Concepto del tiempo: entender la diferencia
entre hoy, mañana, y ayer
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Social-Emotional Development of
Preschoolers Preschoolers continue to
be helpful and cooperative, and emotions are changing in these children. Social development Emotional development
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Desarrollo Socio-Emocional de los Niños
Preescolares Lo niños en edad preescolar
continúan siendo amables y serviciales, y las emociones siguen cambiando en estos niños. Desarrollo social Desarrollo emocional
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Social Development
These are some social characteristics of preschoolers: become more independent of adults start to value their friends prefer friends of the same sex become more willing to cooperate involve more and more interaction in play accept supervision
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Desarrollo Social
Estas son algunas de las características sociales de los niños preescolares: se hacen mas independientes de los adultos comienzan a valorar sus amistades prefieren amistades del mismo sexo están mas dispuestos a cooperar los juegos requieren mas y mas interacción aceptan supervisión
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Emotional Development
Characteristics of five-year-olds: Fear: still common, but only last a few months Anger: can become angry if unable to reach
goals Jealously: likely to become jealous of a new
brother or sister Sadness: start to learn that some situations are
sad
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Desarrollo Emocional
Características de los niños de cinco años de edad: Temor: aun es común, pero solo dura unos
meses Enfado: pueden enfadarse si no pueden
alcanzar sus metas Envidia: pueden desarrollar envidia de un
hermano o hermana Tristeza: comienzan a aprender que ciertas
situaciones son tristes
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Teaching Four- and Five-Year-Olds
When teaching four- and five-year-olds, consider that these children like to help become quite talkative imitate adults play with each other may have imaginary playmates are proud of their possessions enjoy working on projects
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Educando Niños de Cuatro y Cinco Años
Cuando usted enseña a niños de cuatro y cinco años debe considerar que estos niños les gusta ayudar son conversadores imitan a los adultos juegan unos con otros pueden tener amigos de juegos
imaginarios están orgullosos de sus posesiones les gusta trabajar en proyectos
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Discuss
What are some examples of projects that four- and five-year-old children can enjoy working on?
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Discusión
¿Cuáles son algunos ejemplos de proyectos en los cuales niños de cuatro y cinco años pueden trabajar?
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Summary
The growth of four- and five-year-olds helps them become more independent. Stronger and more coordinated Improve dressing, eating, and hygiene skills
Four- and five-year-olds’ thoughts become more and more adultlike. Begin to understand and use symbols Improve language skills Understand and use more words Start to improve grammar
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Resumen
El crecimiento de los niños de cuatro y cinco años les ayuda a ser mas independientes. Son mas fuertes y coordinados Mejoran las destrezas de vestirse, alimentarse, e
higiene El pensamiento de los niños de cuatro y cinco años se
parece mas y mas al de los adultos. Comienzan a entender y utilizar símbolos Mejoran sus destrezas de lenguaje Entienden y utilizan mas palabras Comienzan a mejorar su gramática
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Summary
Children become more social with their peers at this age. Play becomes more cooperative Still seek favor and approval from adults Like to help and talk to adults Learn new ways to express their feelings Experience feelings for different reasons
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Resumen
Los niños se vuelven mas sociables con sus compañeros a esta edad. El juego se vuelve mas cooperativo Aun buscan aprobación y visto bueno de los
adultos Les gusta ayudar y hablar a los adultos Aprenden nuevas formas de expresar sus
sentimientos Experimentan sentimientos por diferentes
razones
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The authors want to recognize
Bethany L. Baughmanfor her contributions to
this project.
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Los autores desean reconocer
Bethany L. Baughmanpor sus contribuciones a
este proyecto.