chapter 6 - movies
TRANSCRIPT
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Movies
Chapter 6
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Early Developments
Grew up from photography & stroboscopic toys
1825 Thaumatrope - parrot & cage
Persistence of vision human eyes retain images for a short periods Film a series of projected still images. moving pictures
Stanford bet
1877 Leland Stanford governor of California
25,000 bet horse gallops 4 legs on air
Hired Eadward Muybridge rigged 24 cameras triggered in synchronized fashion
using string
cost 40,000
Edison, Dickson & Eastman
1880s Thomas Edison , assistant W.K.L Dickson & George Eastman
Eastman experiments using rolls of celluloid film Edison phonograph persuaded by Dickson used celluloid film from Eastman
Dickson invent electric powered camera and battery powered viewerKinetscope
one person at a time. No sound
Built small studio Black Maria
Projection and portability Lumiere brothers ( Auguste & Louis ) first functional
projectors.
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The First Movies
Edison-DicksonFredOtts Sneeze (1894) short sceneEdisons mechanic sneezing
Most of it was shot in the Black Maria
Lumiere movies factory workers leaving work, baby eating, train pulling1895 Edison-Dickson movie The Kiss quite a stir
Early movies no camera movements and no editing
Then came Frenchman George Mlis magician experimented with special effects
A Trip to the Moon
Edwin S. Porter director for Edison extended the art in film- allowing break in time,
cutting back and forth , panning camera.
Studio Beginnings
2 other companies joined the movie making rank.
Biograph W.K.L Dickson
Vitagraph
Biograph, Vitagraph , Edison compete fiercely
1909 Edison form Motion Picture Patent Company ( ref. to as the Trust for the MPPC)
9 companies of MPPC share patent rights , keep all companies from entering the
business. Kodak- only to them.
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Griffith & His Contemporaries
David Wark (D.W.) Griffith work briefly for Edison, then switched to Biograph
Experimented many aspect of filmmaking
Parallel editing technique Left Biograph movies made too long
Then went to Mutual, an independent company
Made The Birth of a Nation ( 1915) - historical film about Civil War heroes were the Ku
Klux Klan members. Racist subject matter. Banned in few cities.
Mark Sennett and Charlie Chaplin experimented with comedy
Mard Sennett sight gagsChaplin character-driven comedy
Sound
Warner Bros The Jazz Singer 1927 the first full-length movie to use sound
Part silent , part sound static visually
By 1929 most movies were sound.
Conversion to sound movies was not easy.
Most actors were silent stars.
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Hitchcock & Welles
2 of the most influential directors of the Golden Years Alfred Hitchcock and Orson
Welles
Hitchcock alarming crimes that occur in public places, humor, tiny details reveal clues.master using editing to increase the sense of horror without actually showing gory
events.
Psycho (1960)
Spellbound (1945)
Strangers on a Train (1951)
Rear Window (1954) Vertigo (1957)
Orson WellesCitizen Kane (1941) based on the life of William Randolph Hearst.
no Hollywood happily-ever-after ending
didnt do box office
extend the art of filmmaking
using deep focus and low angle shots
used advance sound with echoes, well place sound effects , spatial cues
was name the greatest film in movie history.
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AFIS List of the Greatest Movies of All Time
Citizen Kane 1941
Casablanca 1942
The Godfather1972 Gone with the Wind1939
Lawrence of Arabia 1962
The Wizard of Oz 1939
The Graduate 1967
On the Waterfront1954
Schindlers List 1993 Singin in the Rain - 1952
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Color
1917 Technicolor was founded
1920s develop a two-color process
blue-green & red-orange ok for clothing and sets
made people look strange in orange color
1933 introduced a three-color process
used 3 lenses & 3 separate rolls of film cyan, magenta , yellow
joined when the film was processed
reserved only for very special filmsThe Wizard of Oz & Gone with the Wind
later three rolls for film were joined during shooting color faded quickly
Hard Times
Vertical Integration OutlawedUnites States vs ParamountBlacklisting leftist leaning
Television free entertainment
Technological attempts 3D, Cinerama, CinemaScope
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The Road Back
Independent Production
no talent under contract
pulled all together to make a movielittle overhead more flexibility
need to raise money to make movie
banks were more leery
give artist more power encourage to use their artistic style
Young
movies now geared towards the youngsex and violence
not protected anymore by the code
changes on the code rating system
G general audience
PG parental guidance
R restricted under 17 to attend with an adultX no one under 17
PG-13
NC-17 no one under 17
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The Road Back
Changing Content
musicalThe Sound of Music (1965)
rebel of youth filmRebel Without a Cause (1955)social commentary & psychologyGuest Whos Coming to Dinner (1967)
Other Positive Factor
television playing old movies
theater moved closer drive-ins , movie complexes
price of movie ticket - rose and rose
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The Mythmakers Lucas & Spielberg
Special effects became popular
George Lucas 1977 Star Wars spaceship and Dolby noise reduction new experience
Lucas & Spielberg embrace elements of myth strong heroes, questlike jouneys, happy
endings movies with entertainment value
Spielberg- Indiana Jones
Lucas stop directing after 1983 Return of the Jedi1999 first prequels to Star Wars
During hiatus focus on Industrial Light + Magic company
Spielberg prolific directing several films a year.
Made some of the highest grossing film Jaws (1975), E.T (1982), Jurassic Park (1993)Also social messagesSchindlers List (1993) , Munich (2005)
1994 along with Jeffrey Katzenberg & David GeffenDreamWorks SKG
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Moviemaking Today
Studio structure
independent producers
no stars under contract
freelancing act as distributors
Aftermarket
make more money from DVD sales and rentals , international distribution, airplane
showing, television rights, video game rights, pay-per-view, internet
Independent Films
direct-to-DVD distribution low budget or films aimed at adults go straight to video stores
using internet
International
much more international than the past
adopting techniques from each other
co-produced by various countries
Content
continue to evolve
special-effects-laden movies story now is given little attention
animation films
sequels
documentaries also became popularFahrenheit 9/11 by Michael Moore
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The All-Time Top Grossing Films as of 2008
Titanic (1997) 600.8 m
The Dark Knight (2008) 522.1m
Star Wars : Episode IV A New Hope (1997) 461.0m Shrek 2 (2004) 437.2m
E.T the Extra-Terrestrial (1982) 435.0m
Star Wars : Episode I-The Phantom Menace (1999) 431.1m
Pirates of the Caribbean : Dean Mans Chest (2006) 423.4m
Spider-Man (2002) 407.7m
Star Wars : Episode III Revenge of the Sith (2005) 380.3m The Lord of the Rings : The Return of the King (2003) 377.0m
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Issues and The Future
Production
movies going digital films will slowly fade
digital media
mobile editing , nonlinear
CGI , Motion-capture technology
Distribution
edging toward digital
removing film copies
replace by digital medium hard drive
converting theatre into digital movie projection
Exhibition
movie exhibition currently not a profitable business
selling pop corn is much better than ticket sales
Processes projection and servers
theatre conversion
film conversion
upgrade of system 3D environment
delivery from transport delivery to satellite
technology = investment profit?
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Issues and The Future
Piracy
may increase
digital copy illegal distribution
piracy in the past of low quality analog form VHS tape
digital material lossless quality
even by the members of the film industry
trace markings , watermark
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Things you would never know if werent for the movies :
once applied , lipstick will never come off, even when swimming under water
all grocery bags contain at least one stick of French bread
when staying in a haunted house, women should investigate any strange noises in their
most revealing underwear
it is always possible to park directly outside the building you are visiting
a man will show no pain while taking the most ferocious beating but will wince when a
woman tries to clean his wounds.
when a car is being driven down a dark road at night, the light under the dashboard will
always be lit.
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sites.google.com/site/mrfaizullecture
Im Done !