chapter 6 improving muscular strength and endurance hpd 9
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 6Improving Muscular Strength
and Endurance
HPD 9
Definitions
Muscular Strength – the amount of force or weight a muscle group of muscles can exert for one repetition.
Muscular Endurance – the capacity of a muscle group to complete an uninterrupted series of repetitions as often as possible with lighter weights.
* You can manipulate training variables (weight, reps, rest intervals) to achieve either of these
The Importance of Strength and Endurance
Benefits – loss of body fat and improved self-concept
Strength training critical part of a total weight control program
Metabolism slows with age, calories consumed often does not
Basal metabolism decreases by 3% per decade
BM increases by approx. 30-40 cal. Per day for every pound of muscle weight added
Improved Appearance, Body Image, and Self-Concept
Sagging skin can be alleviated by enlarging muscles in that area
Most everyone who stays with a program experiences improved BI and self-concept affecting their personal & professional lives
Also need proper nutrition and exercise rather than diets
Increased Bone-Mineral Content
ST aids in optimal bone development by improving bone-mineral content
Exercises?
Increased Strength and Endurance for Work and Daily
Activities Additional strength and endurance will also
help you perform daily personal and work activities more efficiently
Improved Performance in Sports and Rec. Activities
Children and adults often lack upper body and abdominal strength
By improving given deficits ST can help athletes (young or old) perform better in a wide variety of sports.
Decreased Incidence of Sports and Work – Related Injuries
Improved muscle strength surrounding the joints helps prevent injuries to your muscles, tendons, and ligaments. With regular training, bones and connective tissue become stronger and more dense.
Also, ST is an important part of recovery following certain injuries.
Strength Training Principles
Strength and Power = heavy weight, low reps (3-6)
Muscular Endurane = light weight, high number of repetitions (10-20)
Hypertrophy (Muscle Mass) = Heavy to moderate weight, moderate reps (5-8)
* Regardless of your training objective the final rep in each set should result in complete muscle failure or the inability to perform even one more rep
Types of Training
Isotonic exercises (positive and negative phase = concentric & eccentric)
Isometric exercises – steady muscle contraction against immovable resistance for 6-8 sec.
Calisthenics – BW, resistance is low, reps high. More effective for developing muscular endurance
Amount of Resistance to Use
RM definition Starting weight is lower # of cycle range
(I.e. 6-9, 6-RM)
Number of Repetitions to Complete
Repetitions – the number of consecutive times you perform each exercise
High number of reps = endurance Low number of reps = strength
Number of Sets to Complete
Set – one group of reps for a particular exercise
3-5 sets are recommended Beginners start with one set and gradually
work up to 3 sets over a period of 3-4 weeks
Amount of Rest Between Sets
Rest Interval – the amount of rest b/t sets Muscle fibers recover to within 50% of
capacity within 3-5 sec and continue to near full recovery after about 2 minutes
Strength program = RI less important Muscular endurance = RI should gradually
decrease to about 30 sec over a 6-8 week period
Amount of Rest Between Workouts
Full body workout = 48 hours of rest b/t workout. Alternate day workouts.
Split routines = possible to train for 6 consecutive days before taking a day of rest. At least one day, but no more than 3 days rest b/t exercises that work the same muscle groups. *Acquired strength and endurance gains begin to diminish if too much time elapses b/t workouts.
Speed for Completing Exercises
Should return the weight to the starting position (negative phase) twice as slowly as you completed the positive phase.
If you simply drop the weight during the negative phase your muscles are only being worked during one-half of the exercise.
Application of the Principle of Specifity
To gain strength and endurance in a particular muscle, muscle group, or movement, you must specifically train the muscle or muscles in a similar movement.
Application of the Principle of Overload
The demands on the muscle need to be systematically and progressively increased over time and the muscles need to be taxed beyond their accustomed levels to continually see increases in strength .
Progressive Overload theory can be applied by increasing the amount of weight lifted on each exercise or the number of repetitions or sets.
Application of the Progressive Resistance Exercise Principle
As training progresses and you grow stronger, you must continuously increase the amount of resistance if continued improvement is to occur.
Rest-pause = single rep, near maximal weight (1 RM), rest 1-2 min., completing a second rep, resting again, and so on until the muscle is fatigued and cannot perform another rep.
Progressive Exercise Principle
Burnout = 75% of maximal weight for as many reps as possible, no rest interval, remove 4.5 kg and another RM is performed, continue until the muscle does not respond (burnout)
Supersets = involve the use of a set of exercises for one group of muscles followed immediately by a set for their antagonist.
Compound sets = similar to Supersets except the exercises target the same group of muscles (I.e. Bench press followed by push-ups.)
When to Expect Results
Dependant upon your initial level of strength, your training habits, the intensity and length of your training program, as well as genetic factors.
Fastest improvements in those who have not weight trained before and whose programs involve large-muscle exercises, heavier weights, multiple sets, and more consistent training sessions.
When to Expect Results
Should see significant strength gains after 8-12 weeks of training
However, it will take approximately 12 months to change the general appearance of your body dramatically.