chapter 6
DESCRIPTION
CHAPTER 6. The Muscular System Skeletal Muscles of the Head, Neck, Trunk, Arm and Leg. STUDY GUIDE FOR TEST ON FRIDAY FEB. 10, 2012. Head and Neck Muscles. Facial M uscles Frontalis —raises eyebrows Orbicularis oculi —closes eyes, squints, - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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CHAPTER 6The Muscular System
Skeletal Muscles of the Head, Neck, Trunk, Arm and Leg
STUDY GUIDE FOR TEST ON FRIDAY FEB. 10, 2012
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Head and Neck Muscles• Facial Muscles
Frontalis—raises eyebrowsOrbicularis oculi—closes eyes, squints, Orbicularis oris —closes mouth and protrudes the lipsBuccinator —flattens the cheek, chewsZygomaticus —raises corners of the mouth – smile
Occipitalis – stabilize the frontalis• Chewing Muscles
Masseter —closes the jaw and elevates mandibleTemporalis —synergist , of the masseter, closes jaw
• Neck muscles Platysma —pulls the corners of the mouth inferiorly, lower jaw Sternocleidomastoid —flexes the neck, rotates the head, turn ear to chest
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Figure 6.16
Cranialaponeurosis
Orbicularisoris
Orbicularisoculi
Frontalis
Zygomaticus
Buccinator
Platysma
Temporalis
Occipitalis
Masseter
Sternocleidomastoid
Trapezius
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Muscles of Trunk, Shoulder, Arm
• Anterior muscles of the chestPectoralis major—adducts and flexes the humerusIntercostal muscles – Aid in breathing – not shown
in picture – muscle in between the ribs• Muscles of the abdominal girdle– Rectus abdominis—flexes vertebral column– External oblique—flex vertebral column; rotate
trunk and bend it laterally
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Figure 6.17a
Deltoid
Pectoralismajor
Bicepsbrachii
Brachialis
Brachio-radialis
(a)
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Figure 6.17b
Pectoralismajor
Rectusabdominis
Externaloblique
(b)
Serratus Anterior
Linea Alba
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Muscles of Trunk, Shoulder, Arm
• Posterior muscles of the back– Trapezius—elevates, depresses, adducts, and
stabilizes the scapula– Latissimus dorsi—extends and adducts the
humerus– Erector spinae—back extension – not seen in
picture– Serratus Anterior – rotates scapula
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Figure 6.18a
TricepsbrachiiLatissimusdorsi
Trapezius
Deltoid
(a)
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Muscles of the Arm• Biceps brachii - flexes elbow• Brachialis—elbow flexion• Brachioradialis—elbow flexion• Triceps brachii—elbow extension• Deltoid – abducts the arm
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Figure 6.17a
Deltoid
Pectoralismajor
Bicepsbrachii
Brachialis
Brachio-radialis
(a)
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Muscles of the Posterior Lower Limb• Muscles causing movement at the hip joint include:
Gluteus maximus—hip extensionGluteus medius—hip abduction, steadies pelvis when walking
• Muscles causing movement at the knee joint– Hamstring group—thigh extension and knee flexion• Biceps femoris• Semimembranosus• Semitendinosus
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Figure 6.20a
Gluteus medius
Gluteus maximus
Iliotibial tract(IT Band)
Biceps femoris
SemitendinosusSemimembranosus
Gastrocnemius
(a)
Hamstring group
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Muscles of the Anterior Lower Limb
• Muscles causing movement at the knee jointSartorius—flexes the thighQuadriceps group—extends the knee• Rectus femoris• Vastus Lateralis• Vastus Medialis• Vastus Intermedius (internal – not seen)
Gracilis – adducts the thigh
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Figure 6.20c
Sartorius
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialisQua
dric
eps
(c)
Gracilis
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Muscles of the Lower Limb
ANTERIOR– Tibialis anterior—dorsiflexion– Soleus—plantar flexionPOSTERIOR– Gastrocnemius – plantar flexion
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Tibialis anteriorSoleus
anterior
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Calcaneal (Achilles)tendon
posterior
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Figure 6.22
Facial• Temporalis
• Masseter
Shoulder• Trapezius
• Deltoid
Arm• Triceps brachii• Biceps brachii• Brachialis
Forearm• Brachioradialis
Pelvis/thigh
Thigh (Quadriceps)• Rectus femoris• Vastus lateralis• Vastus medialis
• Tibialis anterior
Facial• Frontalis
• Orbicularis oculi• Zygomaticus
• Orbicularis orisNeck• Platysma• SternocleidomastoidThorax
• Pectoralis major• Serratus anterior
• Intercostals
Abdomen• Rectus abdominis
• External oblique
Thigh• Sartorius
• Gracilis
• Gastrocnemius
• Soleus
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Figure 6.23
Arm• Triceps brachii
• Brachialis
Forearm• Brachioradialis
lliotibial tract
Leg• Gastrocnemius
• Soleus
Calcaneal(Achilles)tendon
Neck• Occipitalis
• Sternocleidomastoid
• Trapezius
Shoulder/Back• Deltoid
• Latissimus dorsi
Hip• Gluteus medius
• Gluteus maximus
• Hamstrings:Biceps femorisSemitendinosus
Semimembranosus