Chapter 5BChapter 5BModern CPUs

5B-2

Different ProcessorsDifferent Processors

5B-2

5B-3

Microcomputer ProcessorsMicrocomputer ProcessorsIntel

◦Leading manufacturer of processors◦Intel 4004 was worlds first microprocessor◦IBM PC powered by Intel 8086◦Current processors

Centrino Itanium Pentium Xeon Core i3, i5, i7 Core vPro: Business comp & Intelligent systems

5B-4

Microcomputer ProcessorsMicrocomputer ProcessorsAdvanced Micro Devices (AMD)

◦Main competitor to Intel◦Originally produced budget products◦Current products outperform Intel◦Current processors

Sempron Athlon FX 64 Turion Phenom AMD A-Series (A4, A6, A8, A10) AMD FX 8-Core, 6-Core, 4-Core

5B-5

Microcomputer ProcessorsMicrocomputer ProcessorsFreescale

◦A subsidiary of Motorola◦Co-developed the Apple G4 PowerPC◦Currently focuses on the Linux

market

5B-6

Microcomputer ProcessorsMicrocomputer ProcessorsIBM

◦Historically manufactured mainframes

◦Partnered with Apple to develop G5 First consumer 64 bit chip

5B-7

Comparing ProcessorsComparing ProcessorsSpeed of processorSize of cacheNumber of registersBit sizeSpeed of Front Side Bus (FSB)

5B-8

Advanced Processor Advanced Processor TopicsTopicsRISC processors

◦Reduced Instruction Set Computing◦Smaller instruction sets◦May process data faster◦PowerPC and G5

5B-9

Advanced Processor Advanced Processor TopicsTopicsParallel Processing

◦Multiple processors in a system◦Symmetric Multiple Processing

Number of processors is a power of 2

◦Massively Parallel Processing Thousands of processors Mainframes and super computers

5B-10

Extending The Processors Extending The Processors PowerPowerStandard computer ports

◦Keyboard and mouse ports◦USB ports◦Parallel◦Network◦Modem◦Audio◦Serial◦Video◦HDMI

5B-11

Standard Computer PortsStandard Computer Ports

5B-12

Extending The Processors Extending The Processors PowerPowerSerial and parallel ports

◦Connect to printers or modems◦Parallel ports move bits simultaneously

Made of 8 – 32 wires Internal buses are parallel

◦Serial ports move one bit Lower data flow than parallel Requires control wires A computer chip called UART (Universal

Asynchronous Receiver-Transmitter) converts parallel computer data into serial output

5B-13

Serial portSerial port

5B-14

Serial CommunicationsSerial Communications

5B-15

Parallel CommunicationsParallel Communications

5B-16

Parallel PortParallel Port

5B-17

Extending The Processors Extending The Processors PowerPowerSCSI

◦Small Computer System Interface◦Supports dozens of devices◦Fast hard drives and CD-ROMs

5B-18

Extending The Processors Extending The Processors PowerPower

USB◦Universal Serial Bus◦Most popular external bus◦Supports up to 127 devices◦Hot swappable◦Type A (large) and B (regular)

5B-19

Extending the Processors Extending the Processors PowerPowerFireWire

◦IEEE 1384◦Cameras and video equipment◦Hot swappable◦Port is very expensive

5B-20

HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface)

Very popular at the moment Transfers sound and video with the

highest quality No risk of loosing quality as with normal

video data cables Transfers High Definition multimedia

Extending the Processors Extending the Processors PowerPower

5B-21

Extending the Processors Extending the Processors PowerPowerExpansion slots and boards

◦Allows users to configure the machine

◦Slots allow the addition of new devices

◦Devices are stored on cards◦Computer must be off before

inserting

5B-22

Extending the Processors Extending the Processors PowerPowerPC Cards

◦Expansion bus for laptops◦PCMCIA◦Hot swappable◦Small card size◦Three types, I, II and III◦Type II is most common

5B-23

Extending the Processors Extending the Processors PowerPower

Plug and play◦New hardware detected

automatically◦Prompts to install drivers◦Non-technical users can install

devices