chapter 5a the skeletal system
DESCRIPTION
CHAPTER 5A The Skeletal System. Appendicular Skeleton. Axial Skeleton. “Skeleton” means “dried up body” in Greek. Skeletal System = bones of the skeleton, joints, cartilages, and ligaments. Skeleton is divided into two sections: Axial skeleton = bones of longitudinal axis - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
CHAPTER 5A The Skeletal System
“Skeleton” means “dried up body” in Greek.
Skeletal System = bones of the skeleton, joints, cartilages, and ligaments.
Skeleton is divided into two sections:
Axial skeleton = bones of longitudinal axisAppendicular skeleton = bones of limbs and girdles
Axial SkeletonAppendicular Skeleton
CHAPTER 5A The Skeletal System
Functions of Bones
1.Support (internal framework)2.Protection (of organs)3.Movement (with skeletal muscles)4.Storage (fat, minerals – especially calcium and phosphorus)
Calcium comes and goes from bones continually as it is needed in the blood.
5.Blood Cell Formation (hematopoiesis) occurs in bone marrow
CHAPTER 5A The Skeletal System
Classification of Bones
1.Compact Bone = dense, smooth, homogeneous
2.Spongy Bone = made of small needlelike pieces of bone and open spaces
CHAPTER 5A The Skeletal System
Classification of Bones
1.Long BonesLonger than wideHead at each endMostly compact boneLimb bones
CHAPTER 5A The Skeletal System
Classification of Bones
1.Short BonesCube-shapedSpongy boneEx. Wrist and ankle
CHAPTER 5A The Skeletal System
Classification of Bones
1.Flat BonesThin, flattened, usually curved.Two thin layers of compact bone sandwiching spongy bone.Ex. Skull, ribs, and sternum.
CHAPTER 5A The Skeletal System
Classification of Bones
1.Irregular BonesDon’t fit into other categories.Ex. Vertebrae, hip bones.
CHAPTER 5A The Skeletal System
Structure of a Long Bone Gross Anatomy (See TXT pg 114 Fig 5.2)
Diaphysis = shaftPeriosteum = covers shaftSharpy’s Fibers = hold periosteum to bone
Epiphyses = ends of boneArticular cartilage = covers epiphysesEpiphyseal line = only in adults
Epiphyseal plate = growth portion in youth
CHAPTER 5A The Skeletal System
Structure of a Long Bone Gross Anatomy (See TXT pg 114 Fig 5.2)
Red Marrow Infants: forms blood cells Adults: only in spongy bone
of flat bones.
Yellow Marrow Adults only.
CHAPTER 5A The Skeletal System
Structure of a Long Bone Gross Anatomy (See TXT pg 115 Table 5.1)
Bone Markings Categories:
Projections (Processes) Grows out from bone surface.
Depressions (Cavities) Indentations into the bone.
CHAPTER 5A The Skeletal System Microscopic Anatomy
(See TXT pg 116 Fig 5.3)
Mature bone cells
Cavities in matrix
Circles of lacunae
Lamellae surround it
Central canal + matrix rings
Canals connect all tissues
Communication pathway
CHAPTER 5A The Skeletal System Bone Growth
(See TXT pg 117 Fig 5.4)
Bone Growthhttp://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072507470/student_view0/chapter6/animation__bone_growth_in_width.html
Skeletal System Interactivehttp://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=B7D2D569-417F-454B-8490-4681832950A5&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=US
For this slide, you will receive a handout that accompanies the skeletal system interactive video. Vocabulary will be included in the handout.
CHAPTER 5A The Skeletal System Fractures
(See TXT pg 119 Table 5.2)
Types of Bone Fractureshttp://video.about.com/orthopedics/Fractures-2.htm
CHAPTER 5A The Skeletal System Fractures
More Fractures online…
Click-on Fracture Animations http://www.argosymedical.com/Skeletal/index.html
CHAPTER 5A The Skeletal System Fractures
Reduction = repair of fractures.
Emergency procedures for broken bones http://www.argosymedical.com/Skeletal/samples/animations/Broken%20Bone/index.html
CHAPTER 5A The Skeletal System Fractures
CHAPTER 5A The Skeletal System / Bones
(See TXT pg 120 Fig 5.5)
Stages of Healing:
1.Hematoma2.Soft Callus3.Bony Callus4.Remodeling
CHAPTER 5A The Skeletal System / Bones
(See TXT pg 121 Fig 5.6)
Axial Skeleton:
SkullVertebral columnBony thorax
CHAPTER 5A The Skeletal System / Bones
(See TXT pg 122 Fig 5.7)
Laterial View of the Skull
The SKULL
CHAPTER 5A The Skeletal System / Bones
Ancient man following skull surgery.
This weird looking skull is the famous Starchild Skull that was found in 1930. The Starchild Skull was discovered in a mine tunnel about 100 miles southwest of Chihuahua, Mexico along with several other normal skeletons.
100,000-year-old skull was found in a cave in Qafzeh, Israel,
Other Lateral Views
of Skull
CHAPTER 5A The Skeletal System / Bones
Anterior View of the Skull
CHAPTER 5A The Skeletal System / Bones
8-13 yr old boy
More Anterior
Views of Skulls
CHAPTER 5A The Skeletal System / BonesSinus = air filled cavity
Process = projection
Foramen = hole or opening
Suture = immovable fibrous joints between bones
Condyle = rounded projection at the end of a bone that articulates with another bone
Paranasal Sinuses
CHAPTER 5A The Skeletal System / Bones
Hyoid Bone
Not part of skull.Only bone that does not interact directly with another bone.Suspended and anchored by ligaments.Moveable base for tongue.Attachment point for swallowing.Aids in speech.
CHAPTER 5A The Skeletal System / Bones
Fetal Skull
Face is small compared to cranium.
Skull overall is large for the body.
Cranial bones connected by fontanels which harden post partem.
http://ect.downstate.edu/courseware/haonline/quiz/practice/u5/quiztop5.htm
CHAPTER 5A The Skeletal System / Bones
Vertebral Column
Also called spine.
Before birth = 33 vertebraeAfter birth = 24 vertebrae
CHAPTER 5A The Skeletal System / Bones
Vertebral Column
Separated into 5 major sections:
Cervical (neck)Thoracic (mid back)Lumbar (lower back)Sacrum (top of tail)Coccyx (tail bone)
Scoliosis Animationhttp://www.spine-health.com/video/scoliosis-video-what-scoliosis
CHAPTER 5A The Skeletal System / Bones
Vertebral Column
Intervertebral discs = separate vertebrae
90% water
Dries as ages.
Herniated discs results from drying and weakening of ligaments holding discs in place.Herniated disc animationhttp://www.spine-health.com/video/lumbar-herniated-disc-video
CHAPTER 5A The Skeletal System / Bones
Vertebral Column
S-shaped structure
Provides flexibility and prevents shock to the brain
Primary curvaturesformed at birthThoracic and Sacral
Secondary curvaturescervical – when baby begins raising headlumbar – when baby begin walking
CHAPTER 5A The Skeletal System / Bones
Thoracic Vertebra
Body
Pedicle
Superior Articular Process
Transverse Process
Lamina
Spinous Process
Vertebral Arch
Vertebral Foramen
Weight bearing
CHAPTER 5A The Skeletal System / Bones
Cervical Vertebra1st Vertebra: Atlas Has no body Holds occipital condyles of skull Allows nodding = “yes”
2nd Vertebra: Axis Acts as pivot for rotation of skull Allows side-to-side motion = “no” Dens: Pivot point
CHAPTER 5A The Skeletal System / Bones
Thoracic Vertebra
Supports ribs.
CHAPTER 5A The Skeletal System / Bones
Lumbar Vertebra
Block-like body.
Most of stress on spine occurs in lumbar region.
CHAPTER 5A The Skeletal System / Bones
Sacrum
Formed by fusion of 5 vertebrae.
Alae = articulates with hip bones.
Formed by fusion of 3 vertebrae.
“Tailbone”
Coccyx
CHAPTER 5A The Skeletal System / Bones
Bony Thorax
Ribs:
True Ribs: 1st 7 ribs Attach to sternum.
False Ribs: Last 5 ribs Attach indirectly to sternum or not attached at all. Last 2 false ribs are “floating ribs” – unattached.
CHAPTER 5A The Skeletal System / Bones
Bony Thorax
Sternum:
Manubrium ProcessBodyXiphoid process easily broken during CPR
CHAPTER 5A The Skeletal System / Bones
TEST TIME!
CH 5 AXIAL SKELETON