chapter 5 tmg
DESCRIPTION
Introduction to Special Education, Teaching in an Age of Opportunity, Chapter 5 Speech & Language Impairments.TRANSCRIPT
- 1. Speech or Language Impairments Chapter 5 Introduction to Special Education
- 2. The Significance of Language
- Language is the foundation for:
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- Cognition (Understanding and Learning)
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- Reading Abilities
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- Social Competence
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- Basically every aspect of life.
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- Page 179, 4 th ed.
- 3. Communication Process page 181-183, 4 th ed.
- 4. Communication is unsuccessful when
- The sender or the receiver cannot use the signals and symbols adequately.
- Either person has a defective mechanism for sending or receiving info.
- Page 181-182, 4 th ed.
- 5. Important Terms
- Communication the transfer of knowledge, ideas, opinions and feelings.
- Language The formalized method of communication by which ideas are transmitted to others.
- Speech The vocal production of language, usually the fastest and most efficient way to communicate.
- Vocal System System made up of
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- (1) vibrating system (larynx & vocal folds the makers of sound) and
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- (2) Resonating Systems (oral & nasal cavities forms the sounds into words).
- 6. The Bodys Systems for Generating Voice and Speech page 184, 4 th ed.
- 7. Types of Speech and Language Impairments page 185, 5 th ed.
- 8. Speech Impairments
- Speech is abnormal when it is unintelligible, is unpleasant, or interferes with communication.
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- Voice Pitch and Loudness.
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- Part of ones identity.
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- Articulation ex. thinger instead of finger.
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- Considered cute at younger ages.
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- Fluency hesitations or repetitions that interrupt the flow of speech that are not age appropriate. For example: speaking very quickly or hesitation in the middle of a sentence that is covered by using fillers such as like, you know or umm.
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- This can occur with adults during times of stress, excitement or unfamiliar situations.
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- Pages 183-186, 5 th Ed.
- 9. Articulation Typical Development of Correctly Producing Sounds (90% of all Children) Page 186, 4 th ed.
- 10. Language Impairments
- Language problems arise when one experiences difficulty or inability to master the various systems of rules in language, which then interferes with communication. Pages 187-188, 4 th Ed.
- 11. Form Rule Systems
- Phonology Combining speech sounds to form words/sentences.
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- Ex. How vowels and consonants are used together to sounds
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- Varies per language spoken.
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- Ex. Hawaiian - 24 speech sound combinations vs. English 45 speech sound combinations.
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- Morphology Structuring of words/meaning of words.
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- Ex. Cover, cover ed , un cover ed .
- Syntax Order of words in sentence/phrases.
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- Ex. It is one oclock. / Is it one oclock.
- 12. Content Intent or Meanings
- Spoken or Written Language
- Semantics System that patterns the intent and meanings of words and sentences to comprise the content of communication.
- Not being exact, clear or precise with our language
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- Ex. Child comes home from school and says left at school. Mom ask what was left at school. The phrase does not make sense used in this way.
- 13. Use Application of Language
- Concerns application of language in various communications according to the social context of the situation.
- Pragmatics Study of language in context & focuses of the intention of the communication.
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- Ex. Child must know what a cup is and what it is used for before he/she can properly use the word cup in communication.
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- Pages 187-188, 4 th ed.
- 14. Identification
- Who? Speech / Language Pathologist (SLPs)
- Formal assessment of a person to determine if they have a speech or language impairment is made by an SLP.
- How? (1) Formal Assessment
- (2) Informal Assessment
- Formal assessments such as standardized test are used by SLPs.
- Ex. Test of Language Development (TOLD)
- Informal assessments such as observations during free play time. This is the primary source of assessment of childs spontaneous speech. Page 189, 4 th Ed.
- 15. What are SLPs Looking For?
- Speech Impairments
- Articulation Errors
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- Repeated omission of groups of sounds or substitution of one sound for another or extra sounds added.
- Voice Problems
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- Chronic Hoarseness
- Fluency Problems
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- Ex. Stuttering
- 16. Four Kinds of Articulation Errors
- 17. What are SLPs Looking For?
- Language Impairments
- Observations to determine how well child uses the Rules of Language
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- Form
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- Phonology
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- Morphology
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- Syntax
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- Content
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- Semantics
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- Use
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- Pragmatics
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- Page 191, 4 th Ed.
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- 18. Significance
- The ability or inability to use speech and language well influences a persons academics, social world and employment.
- Services should be provided to individuals with speech or language difficulties to enable them to learn how best to communicate successfully with others.
- Page 192, 4 th Ed.
- 19. History of the Field
- S/L problems have been a part of the human condition as long as there have been humans.
- In the past people with S/L Impairments were considered fools or buffoons only good for cruel entertainment.
- In the U.S. speech correction was not available until 20 th Century.
- 20. History of the Field
- 1910 Chicago Public Schools Speech training program for children who stammered
- 1914 First Speech Clinic by Smiley Blanton at the University of Wisconsin
- 1925 American Academy for Speech Correction was formed spearheaded by Robert West. Later became American Speech & hearing Association (ASHA) Page 193, 5 th Ed.
- 21. History of the Field
- Speech clinicians in public schools and military research programs demonstrated that speech therapy can be effective and after the war (WWII) more universities began to train SLPs.
- 1970s were a period of transition and further improvements in the field as more research resulted in new information about S/L Impairments.
- Pages 193-194, 5 th Ed.
- 22. Pattern of Development
- 23. Prevention and Early Identification
- Preventative Measures
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- Proper pre-natal care
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- Proper immunizations from diseases such as rubella and polio
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- Good childhood nutrition
- Early ID and Intervention can GREATLY reduce the impact of S/L Impairments on the individual.
- 24. Watch For
- 25. Educational Interventions
- Almost every school in U.S. has access to SLPs
- General Ed teachers play a crucial role in childrens language development.
- Teachers can utilize Instructional Enhancements that encourage expressive and receptive language such as language based games.
- Collaborative work with teachers and SLPs are crucial and the shared responsibility for problem definition, planning, provision of services and evaluating outcomes.
- 26. Technology
- Alternative and Augmentative Communication
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- Low Tech
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- Communication Boards
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- High Tech
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- Speech Synthesizers
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- * Video from EDUC 6100 of Autistic Woman in College who used the communication device. AMAZING what she already knew that no one expected.
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