chapter 5 – the skeletal system: osseous tissue and skeletal structure $100 $200 $300 $400 $500...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 5 – The Skeletal System: Osseous Tissue and Skeletal Structure
$100
$200
$300
$400
$500
$100 $100$100 $100
$200 $200 $200 $200
$300 $300 $300 $300
$400 $400 $400 $400
$500 $500 $500 $500
Bone Structure
Bone Development and Growth
Bone Maintenance, Remodeling, and Repair
Skeletal Elements
The Skeletal System
Disorders
FINAL ROUND
Topic 1:
$100 Question
Which cells are responsible for the production of new bone?
a. osteoclasts
b. osteoblasts
c. osteocytes
d. osteoprogenitor cellsBACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 1:
$100 Answer
Which cells are responsible for the production of new bone?
a. osteoclasts
b. osteoblasts
c. osteocytes
d. osteoprogenitor cellsBACK TO GAME
Topic 1:
$200 Question
Which of the following differences between compact and spongy bone is accurate?
a. Osteons are present in compact bone only.
b. Spongy bone is arranged into trabeculae.
c. Lamellae are present in compact bone only.
d. All of the above are accurate.BACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 1:
$200 Answer
Which of the following differences between compact and spongy bone is accurate?
a. Osteons are present in compact bone only.
b. Spongy bone is arranged into trabeculae.
c. Lamellae are present in compact bone only.
d. All of the above are accurate.BACK TO GAME
Topic 1:
$300 Question
Which of the following statements regarding the endosteum is incorrect?
a. The endosteum contains osteoprogenitor cells, and covers the trabeculae of spongy bone.
b. Near joints, the endosteum becomes continuous with the connective tissue network that surrounds the joint.
c. The endosteum is active during bone growth, and whenever repair or remodeling is occurring.
d. The endosteum is usually only one cell layer thick, and is an incomplete layer, with the bone matrix occasionally exposed.
BACK TO GAMEANSWER
Topic 1:
$300 Answer
Which of the following statements regarding the endosteum is incorrect?
a. The endosteum contains osteoprogenitor cells, and covers the trabeculae of spongy bone.
b. Near joints, the endosteum becomes continuous with the connective tissue network that surrounds the joint.
c. The endosteum is active during bone growth, and whenever repair or remodeling is occurring.
d. The endosteum is usually only one cell layer thick, and is an incomplete layer, with the bone matrix occasionally exposed.
BACK TO GAME
Topic 1:
$400 Question
Which type of lamellae may have been produced during the growth of the bone, or may represent remnants of osteons whose matrix components have been recycled during repair or remodeling activities?
a. concentric lamellae
b. circumferential lamellae
c. interstitial lamellae
d. Haversian lamellaeBACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 1:
$400 Answer
Which type of lamellae may have been produced during the growth of the bone, or may represent remnants of osteons whose matrix components have been recycled during repair or remodeling activities?
a. concentric lamellae
b. circumferential lamellae
c. interstitial lamellae
d. Haversian lamellaeBACK TO GAME
Topic 1:
$500 Question
Which of the following statements regarding the trabeculae of spongy bone, in the femur, is false?
a. The trabeculae are oriented against stress lines, and display extensive cross-bracing in the epiphyses.
b. At the distal epiphysis, the trabeculae direct the forces across the knee joint to the leg.
c. At the proximal epiphysis, the trabeculae transfer forces from the hip, across the metaphysis, to the femoral shaft.
d. In addition to reducing weight and handling multi-directional stress, the open trabecular framework provides support and protection for the cells of the bone marrow.
BACK TO GAMEANSWER
Topic 1:
$500 Answer
Which of the following statements regarding the trabeculae of spongy bone, in the femur, is false?
a. The trabeculae are oriented against stress lines, and display extensive cross-bracing in the epiphyses.
b. At the distal epiphysis, the trabeculae direct the forces across the knee joint to the leg.
c. At the proximal epiphysis, the trabeculae transfer forces from the hip, across the metaphysis, to the femoral shaft.
d. In addition to reducing weight and handling multi-directional stress, the open trabecular framework provides support and protection for the cells of the bone marrow.
BACK TO GAME
Topic 2:
$100 Question
Which of the following provides a good example of endochondral ossification?
a. mandible
b. frontal and parietal bones of the skull
c. limb bones
d. clavicleBACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 2:
$100 Answer
Which of the following provides a good example of endochondral ossification?
a. mandible
b. frontal and parietal bones of the skull
c. limb bones
d. clavicleBACK TO GAME
Topic 2:
$200 Question
What is the term for the relatively narrow cartilaginous region found at the metaphysis of a developing long bone?
a. articular cartilage
b. epiphyseal cartilage
c. diaphyseal cartilage
d. metaphyseal cartilageBACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 2:
$200 Answer
What is the term for the relatively narrow cartilaginous region found at the metaphysis of a developing long bone?
a. articular cartilage
b. epiphyseal cartilage
c. diaphyseal cartilage
d. metaphyseal cartilageBACK TO GAME
Topic 2:
$300 Question
During endochondral ossification, the lengthening of the bone shaft stops and is marked by which event(s)?
a. Capillaries and osteoblasts, on the epiphyseal side, continue to invade lacunae of chondrocytes in the epiphyseal cartilage and deposit new bone.
b. Epiphyseal cartilage production slows and osteoblast activity increases.
c. Epiphyseal cartilage production increases and osteoblast activity decreases.
d. a and cBACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 2:
$300 Answer
During endochondral ossification, the lengthening of the bone shaft stops and is marked by which event(s)?
a. Capillaries and osteoblasts, on the epiphyseal side, continue to invade lacunae of chondrocytes in the epiphyseal cartilage and deposit new bone.
b. Epiphyseal cartilage production slows and osteoblast activity increases.
c. Epiphyseal cartilage production increases and osteoblast activity decreases.
d. a and cBACK TO GAME
Topic 2:
$400 Question
Which of the following is false regarding intramembranous ossification?
a. Intramembranous ossification is also known as “dermal ossification.”
b. It begins when mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoclasts within embryonic or fibrous connective tissue.
c. It normally occurs in the deeper layers of the dermis.
d. Examples of intramembranous ossification include the frontal and parietal bones, the mandible, and the clavicle. BACK TO GAMEANSWER
Topic 2:
$400 Answer
Which of the following is false regarding intramembranous ossification?
a. Intramembranous ossification is also known as “dermal ossification.”
b. It begins when mesenchymal cells differentiate into osteoclasts within embryonic or fibrous connective tissue.
c. It normally occurs in the deeper layers of the dermis.
d. Examples of intramembranous ossification include the frontal and parietal bones, the mandible, and the clavicle. BACK TO GAME
Topic 2:
$500 Question
As the epiphyses become filled with spongy bone during osteogenesis, several events occur. Which of the following events is false?
a. A thin cap of the original cartilage model remains exposed to the joint cavity as the articular cartilage.
b. Within the epiphyseal plate, the chondrocytes are organized into zones.
c. The chondrocytes at the epiphyseal side of the cartilage are gradually replaced by bone.
d. Overall, the thickness of the epiphyseal cartilage does not change.
BACK TO GAMEANSWER
Topic 2:
$500 Answer
As the epiphyses become filled with spongy bone during osteogenesis, several events occur. Which of the following events is false?
a. A thin cap of the original cartilage model remains exposed to the joint cavity as the articular cartilage.
b. Within the epiphyseal plate, the chondrocytes are organized into zones.
c. The chondrocytes at the epiphyseal side of the cartilage are gradually replaced by bone.
d. Overall, the thickness of the epiphyseal cartilage does not change.
BACK TO GAME
Topic 3:
$100 Question
Which type of fracture occurs when an affected area is shattered into a multitude of bony fragments?
a. transverse fracture
b. spiral fracture
c. comminuted fracture
d. Colles’ fracture
BACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 3:
$100 Answer
Which type of fracture occurs when an affected area is shattered into a multitude of bony fragments?
a. transverse fracture
b. spiral fracture
c. comminuted fracture
d. Colles’ fracture
BACK TO GAME
Topic 3:
$200 Question
Regular exercise is important as a stimulus that maintains normal bone structure in which of the following groups of people?
a. growing children
b. postmenopausal women
c. elderly men
d. All of the above.BACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 3:
$200 Answer
Regular exercise is important as a stimulus that maintains normal bone structure in which of the following groups of people?
a. growing children
b. postmenopausal women
c. elderly men
d. All of the above.BACK TO GAME
Topic 3:
$300 Question
What has been hypothesized as the mechanism which controls the internal organization and structure of bone?
a. degenerative changes after brief periods of inactivity
b. osteoblast sensitivity to electrical events
c. osteoblast sensitivity to physical or chemical events
d. increased muscular development, such as weight training
BACK TO GAMEANSWER
Topic 3:
$300 Answer
What has been hypothesized as the mechanism which controls the internal organization and structure of bone?
a. degenerative changes after brief periods of inactivity
b. osteoblast sensitivity to electrical events
c. osteoblast sensitivity to physical or chemical events
d. increased muscular development, such as weight training
BACK TO GAME
Topic 3:
$400 Question
Which of the following statements regarding age-related skeletal abnormalities is false?
a. Maximal bone density is reached in the early twenties and decreases as we age.
b. Vertebrae may collapse due to osteoporosis, distorting the vertebral articulations and putting pressure on spinal nerves.
c. The administration of calcitonin by nasal spray appears to prevent the development of osteoporosis.
d. For long term use to help reduce the risk of spine and hip fractures in elderly women, exercise, dietary calcium, and bisphosphonates are recommended.
BACK TO GAMEANSWER
Topic 3:
$400 Answer
Which of the following statements regarding age-related skeletal abnormalities is false?
a. Maximal bone density is reached in the early twenties and decreases as we age.
b. Vertebrae may collapse due to osteoporosis, distorting the vertebral articulations and putting pressure on spinal nerves.
c. The administration of calcitonin by nasal spray appears to prevent the development of osteoporosis.
d. For long term use to help reduce the risk of spine and hip fractures in elderly women, exercise, dietary calcium, and bisphosphonates are recommended.
BACK TO GAME
Topic 3:
$500 Question
Which of the following reflects the correct sequence of events, which occur during the repair of a fracture?
1. A swelling marks the location of the fracture.
2. An internal callus forms as a network of spongy bone unites the inner edges.
3. A large hematoma develops.
4. The cartilage of the external callus has been replaced by bone, and struts of spongy bone unite the broken ends.
a. 3-1-2-4
b. 2-1-3-4
c. 1-3-2-4
d. 3-2-4-1
BACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 3:
$500 Answer
Which of the following reflects the correct sequence of events, which occur during the repair of a fracture?
1. A swelling marks the location of the fracture.
2. An internal callus forms as a network of spongy bone unites the inner edges.
3. A large hematoma develops.
4. The cartilage of the external callus has been replaced by bone, and struts of spongy bone unite the broken ends.
a. 3-1-2-4
b. 2-1-3-4
c. 1-3-2-4
d. 3-2-4-1
BACK TO GAME
Topic 4:
$100 Question
Roughly one-third of the weight of bone is from:
a. calcium phosphate
b. osteocytes
c. collagen fibers
d. calcium carbonate BACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 4:
$100 Answer
Roughly one-third of the weight of bone is from:
a. calcium phosphate
b. osteocytes
c. collagen fibers
d. calcium carbonateBACK TO GAME
Topic 4:
$200 Question
Regarding common bone marking terminology, a small rounded projection is called a ____.
a. tubercle
b. trochanter
c. tuberosity
d. condyleBACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 4:
$200 Answer
Regarding common bone marking terminology, a small rounded projection is called a ____.
a. tubercle
b. trochanter
c. tuberosity
d. condyleBACK TO GAME
Topic 4:
$300 Question
Where would the skeletal opening known as a “meatus” be found?
a. humerus
b. skull
c. os coxae
d. femurBACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 4:
$300 Answer
Where would the skeletal opening known as a “meatus” be found?
a. humerus
b. skull
c. os coxae
d. femurBACK TO GAME
Topic 4:
$400 Question
Which of the following anatomical terms does not relate to processes formed for articulations with adjacent bones?
a. condyle
b. facet
c. trochlea
d. spineBACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 4:
$400 Answer
Which of the following anatomical terms does not relate to processes formed for articulations with adjacent bones?
a. condyle
b. facet
c. trochlea
d. spineBACK TO GAME
Topic 4:
$500 Question
Bones which are hollow or contain numerous air pockets are found in which anatomic location?
a. skull
b. vertebrae
c. os coxae
d. mandibleBACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 4:
$500 Answer
Bones which are hollow or contain numerous air pockets are found in which anatomic location?
a. skull
b. vertebrae
c. os coxae
d. mandibleBACK TO GAME
Topic 5:
$100 Question
Which of the following statements is false regarding osteopenia?
a. The reduction in bone mass occurs between ages 40 and 50.
b. Everyone becomes slightly osteopenic as they age.
c. Ultimately, osteoblast activity continues to decline, while osteoclast activity continues at pre-osteopenic levels.
d. The skeletons of men deteriorate at the rate of about three percent per decade, once osteopenia begins.
BACK TO GAMEANSWER
Topic 5:
$100 Answer
Which of the following statements is false regarding osteopenia?
a. The reduction in bone mass occurs between ages 40 and 50.
b. Everyone becomes slightly osteopenic as they age.
c. Ultimately, osteoblast activity continues to decline, while osteoclast activity continues at pre-osteopenic levels.
d. The skeletons of men deteriorate at the rate of about three percent per decade, once osteopenia begins.
BACK TO GAME
Topic 5:
$200 Question
How many inherited disorders of connective tissues are recognized, in which a spontaneous mutation in either the egg or sperm of unaffected parents results in a genetically transmittable condition?
a. less than 25
b. approximately 50
c. approximately 100
d. greater than 200BACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 5:
$200 Answer
How many inherited disorders of connective tissues are recognized, in which a spontaneous mutation in either the egg or sperm of unaffected parents results in a genetically transmittable condition?
a. less than 25
b. approximately 50
c. approximately 100
d. greater than 200BACK TO GAME
Topic 5:
$300 Question
In which of the following congenital skeletal disorders does the total mass of the skeleton gradually increase as the result of a decrease in osteoclast activity?
a. osteomalacia
b. osteopetrosis
c. gigantism
d. Marfan’s syndromeBACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 5:
$300 Answer
In which of the following congenital skeletal disorders does the total mass of the skeleton gradually increase as the result of a decrease in osteoclast activity?
a. osteomalacia
b. osteopetrosis
c. gigantism
d. Marfan’s syndromeBACK TO GAME
Topic 5:
$400 Question
What is the clinical term for a condition characterized by gradual deformation of the skeleton?
a. osteopenia
b. osteomalacia
c. Paget’s disease
d. osteogenesis imperfectaBACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 5:
$400 Answer
What is the clinical term for a condition characterized by gradual deformation of the skeleton?
a. osteopenia
b. osteomalacia
c. Paget’s disease
d. osteogenesis imperfectaBACK TO GAME
Topic 5:
$500 Question
If both parents have achondroplasia, which of the following statements is true?
a. Chances are that 33 percent of the children will be unaffected.
b. Chances are that 50 percent of the children will be affected to some degree.
c. Chances are that 15 percent of the children will inherit two abnormal genes, resulting in severe abnormalities and early death.
d. All of the above are true.BACK TO GAME
ANSWER
Topic 5:
$500 Answer
If both parents have achondroplasia, which of the following statements is true?
a. Chances are that 33 percent of the children will be unaffected.
b. Chances are that 50 percent of the children will be affected to some degree.
c. Chances are that 15 percent of the children will inherit two abnormal genes, resulting in severe abnormalities and early death.
d. All of the above are true.BACK TO GAME
FINAL ROUND Question
Which is the correct sequence of the following events, which occur during the process of endochondral ossification of a limb bone?
1. Epiphyses become filled with spongy bone, and the epiphyseal plate separates the epiphysis from the diaphysis.
2. Blood supply to the periosteum increases, and capillaries and osteoblasts migrate into the heart of the cartilage.
3. As the cartilage enlarges, chondrocytes near the center of the diaphysis increase greatly in size; the surrounding matrix begins to calcify.
4. Secondary ossification centers form as capillaries and osteoblasts migrate into the centers of the epiphyses.
5. Cells of the perichondrium differentiate into osteoblasts, and a “bone collar” is formed around the shaft of the cartilage.
6. Osteoclasts erode the central portion of the shaft, creating a medullary cavity.
a. 3-2-5-6-4-1
b. 6-3-5-2-4-1
c. 3-5-2-6-4-1
d. 2-4-1-6-3-5
BACK TO GAME
ANSWER
FINAL ROUND Answer
Which is the correct sequence of the following events, which occur during the process of endochondral ossification of a limb bone?
1. Epiphyses become filled with spongy bone, and the epiphyseal plate separates the epiphysis from the diaphysis.
2. Blood supply to the periosteum increases, and capillaries and osteoblasts migrate into the heart of the cartilage.
3. As the cartilage enlarges, chondrocytes near the center of the diaphysis increase greatly in size; the surrounding matrix begins to calcify.
4. Secondary ossification centers form as capillaries and osteoblasts migrate into the centers of the epiphyses.
5. Cells of the perichondrium differentiate into osteoblasts, and a “bone collar” is formed around the shaft of the cartilage.
6. Osteoclasts erode the central portion of the shaft, creating a medullary cavity.
a. 3-2-5-6-4-1
b. 6-3-5-2-4-1
c. 3-5-2-6-4-1
d. 2-4-1-6-3-5
BACK TO GAME