chapter 5 stress management

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OrganizationalBEHAVIOR

MCSHANE VONGLINOW

1 The McGraw-Hill Com anies Inc. 2000Irwin/ McGraw-Hill

Stress

Management

5C H A P T E R

F I V E


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MCSHANE VONGLINOW

The McGraw-Hill Com anies Inc. 2000Irwin/ McGraw-Hill

W!at is Stress"

# An a$a%ti&e res%onse to a sit'ation t!at is%er(ei&e$ as (!allenging or t!reatening to t!e%erson)s *ell+,eing

# Stressors+ an en&ironmental (on$ition orstim'li t!at %la(es %!-si(al or emotional $eman$on a %erson

# E.am%les/0!-si(al

/Emotional


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2-%es o3 stress

# E%iso$i( Stress+ %attern o3 !ig! stress3ollo*e$ ,- inter&als o3 relie3

# C!roni( Stress+ (onstant (on3rontation o3stressors *it!o't relie3/E33e(ts are4

# (onstant

# a$$iti&e

# istress+ stress t!at !as a negati&e(onse6'en(e on a %erson)s *ell+,eing


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MCSHANE VONGLINOW


General A$a%tation S-n$rome

# A'tomati( $e3ense s-stem to !el% (o%e *it!*it! en&ironmental $eman$s

# 2!ree stages o3 a$a%tation/Alarm rea(tion+ %er(e%tion o3 stressor/Resistan(e+ a,ilit- to (o%e rises a,o&e normal

,e(a'se o3 a(ti&ate$ $e3ense me(!anisms s'(! as

a$renaline

/E.!a'stion+ ,o$- m'st rest an$ re(o&er 3rom!eig!tene$ resistan(e stage

# 0rolonge$ resistan(e lea$s to s-stem ,rea8$o*n


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Stage 1Stage 1Alarm ReactionAlarm Reaction

Stage 2Stage 2ResistanceResistance

Stage 3Stage 3ExhaustionExhaustion

NormalNormal

Level ofLevel of

ResistanceResistance

General A$a%tation S-n$rome

DANGER ZONE


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Stressover time

WorkWork

StressorsStressors

PhysicalPhysicalenvironmentenvironment

Role-relatedRole-related

InterpersonalInterpersonal

OrganizationalOrganizational

Stressors an$ Stress O't(omes

NonworkNonwork

StressorsStressors

Iniviual

!ifferences"onse#uences"onse#uences

of Stressof Stress

PhysiologicalPhysiological

BehavioralBehavioral

PsychologicalPsychological


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MCSHANE VONGLINOW

: The McGraw-Hill Com anies Inc. 2000Irwin/ McGraw-Hill

Role+Relate$ Stressors

# Role (on3li(t/ interrole (on3li(t

/ intrarole (on3li(t

/%erson+role (on3li(t

# Role am,ig'it-/ 'n(ertain $'ties; a't!orit-

# Role o&erloa$


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MCSHANE VONGLINOW

= The McGraw-Hill Com anies Inc. 2000Irwin/ McGraw-Hill

Stress Resear(!

# 2-%e A an$ (om%le.it- lea$s to (ar$io&as('lar%ro,lems

# >o, Control; >o, Com%le.it-; Sel3+E33i(a(-intera(t to in3l'en(e ,loo$ %ress're

# B'rno't as a %ro(ess

# Emotional E.!a'stion + la(8 o3 energ- an$ a3eeling t!at one)s emotional reso'r(es are 'se$ '%

# Co%ing Strateg- 3or emotional ,'33er

# Sense o3 ina$e6'a(-


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MCSHANE VONGLINOW

? The McGraw-Hill Com anies Inc. 2000Irwin/ McGraw-Hill

>o, B'rno't 0ro(ess

DepersonalizationDepersonalization

Reduced PersonalReduced Personal

AccomplishmentAccomplishment

Physiological,Physiological,

psychological,psychological,

and behavioraland behavioralconsequencesconsequences

motionalmotional!haustion!haustion

Interpersonal and

Role-Related "tressors


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MCSHANE VONGLINOW

1@ The McGraw-Hill Com anies Inc. 2000Irwin/ McGraw-Hill

Ante(e$ents

# >o, C!ara(teristi(s + (lient intera(tions;o&erloa$; am,ig'it-; (on3li(t

# Organizational C!ara(teristi(s + re*ar$ an$%'nis!ment s-stems; o, (onte.t s!i3t;%s-(! en&ironment; et(D

# 0ersonal C!ara(teristi(s + Age; So(ialS'%%ort; Marriage; E.%e(tations; Career%rogress


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Conse6'en(es

# Attit'$inal

# Be!a&ioral

# Inter%ersonal


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So(ial S'%%ort an$ n$ermining

# So(ial S'%%ort+ inter%ersonal transa(tions*it! ot!ers t!at %ro&i$e eit!er emotional orin3ormational s'%%ort

/re$'(es e33e(ts o3 stress# 3eel &al'e$

# 3eel (a%a,le o3 !an$ling a sit'ation

# ,'33ers e33e(ts; someone to tal8 to; et(

# So(ial n$ermining


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Cogniti&e issonan(e 2!eor-

# Leon Festinger 1?9:

# 2!ree as%e(ts o3 attit'$es m'st 3ollo* ea(!

ot!er/(ogniti&e as%e(t+ 8no*le$ge a,o't an o,e(t/a33e(ti&e as%e(t+ li8ing o3 t!e o,e(t

/,e!a&ioral as%e(t+ ,e!a&ior to*ar$ t!e o,e(t

# I3 $issonan(e is %resent t!ere is stressan$ anee$ to (!ange an as%e(t o3 t!e attit'$e to%ro$'(e agreement among t!e elements

O i i l


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C!anging As%e(ts o3 Attit'$es

# A33e(te$ ,- le&el o3 (ontrol/(an I (ontrol t!e as%e(ts o3 m- attit'$e"/o I !a&e a (!oi(e regar$ing %er3orman(e o3 t!e

,e!a&ior"

# Be!a&iors are set ,- !a,it an$ &ie* o3 ot!ers

# Ignore ('rrent 8no*le$ge

# See8 8ne* 8no*le$ge

# Alter ,elie3s

# H-%o(ras- e33e(ts le&el o3 $issonan(e

O i i l


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Emotional La,or

# E.%erien(ing $issonan(e as a %art o3 anin$i&i$'al)s role

# 0resenting a 3rien$l- attit'$e *!ile !ol$ing a

negati&e attit'$e

# Mainl- in ser&i(e %ositions *!ere em%lo-eesm'st al*a-s ,e !a%%-

/3lig!t atten$ants/se(retaries

# Ba(8stage areas/o't o3 sig!t o3 ('stomer

O i ti l


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Inter%ersonal Stressor4 Se.'al Harassment

# n*el(ome (on$'(t ++ $etrimental e33e(t on*or8 en&ironment or o, %er3orman(e

# 'i$ %ro 6'o/em%lo-ment or o, %er3orman(e is (on$itionalon 'n*ante$ se.'al relations

# Hostile *or8 en&ironment/an intimi$ating; !ostile; or o33ensi&e *or8ing

en&ironment

O i ti l


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MCSHANE VONGLINOW

1: The McGraw-Hill Com anies Inc. 2000Irwin/ McGraw-Hill

Inter%ersonal Stressor4 Wor8%la(e Violen(e

# million %eo%le e.%erien(e some 3orm o3&iolen(e at *or8 ea(! -ear

# Most (ommon (a'se o3 *or8+relate$ $eat!3or *omen se(on$ most (ommon 3or men

# Se&ere $istress a3ter e.%erien(ing or

o,ser&ing &iolen(e

# Also stress 3rom *or8ing in !ig!+ris8 o,s

O i ti lS A G O


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MCSHANE VONGLINOW

1= The McGraw-Hill Com anies Inc. 2000Irwin/ McGraw-Hill

Wor8+Famil- Stressors

# 2ime+,ase$ (on3li(t/$'e to *or8 s(!e$'le; (omm'ting; tra&el/3or *omen ++ still $o most !o'se!ol$ (!ores

# Strain+,ase$ (on3li(t/*or8 stress a33e(ts !ome; an$ &i(e &ersa

# Role ,e!a&ior (on3li(t/in(om%ati,le *or8 an$ 3amil- roles

OrganizationalM SHANE V GLINOW


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MCSHANE VONGLINOW

1? The McGraw-Hill Com anies Inc. 2000Irwin/ McGraw-Hill

2o% 1@ Li3e Stressors

1@ Retirement or 6'itting

? Marital re(on(iliation

= Fire$ 3rom *or8

: Marriage

9 0ersonal in'r- or illness

5 eat! o3 a 3amil- mem,er

7 >ail 2erm Marital Se%aration

i&or(e

1 eat!

OrganizationalM SHANE V GLINOW


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MCSHANE VONGLINOW

@ The McGraw-Hill Com anies Inc. 2000Irwin/ McGraw-Hill

AccountantAccountant

ArtistArtist

Auto #echanicAuto #echanic

$orester$orester

%o&-"tress%o&-"tress

OccupationsOccupations'igh-"tress'igh-"tress

OccupationsOccupations

'ospital manager'ospital manager

Physician ()P*Physician ()P*

PsychologistPsychologist

"chool principal"chool principal

Police o++icerPolice o++icer

operator operator

./"/ president./"/ president

0aiter1&aitress0aiter1&aitress

Stress an$ O(('%ations

#edium-"tress#edium-"tress

OccupationsOccupations

OrganizationalMCSHANE VO GLINOW


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In$i&i$'al i33eren(es in Stress

# 0er(ei&e t!e sit'ation $i33erentl-

# i33erent t!res!ol$ le&els o3 resistan(e to stressor

# se $i33erent stress (o%ing strategies

# 0ersonalit- 2-%e

OrganizationalMCSHANE VON GLINOW


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0ersonalit- 2-%e

# 2-%e A+ im%atient; restless; (om%etiti&e;aggressi&e; 'n$er intense %er(ei&e$ time %ress're;al*a-s attem%ting to a((om%lis! se&eral t!ings at

on(e/nee$ o, an$ (areer (ontrol/!a&e more !ealt! %ro,lems an$ s!orter (areers

# 2-%e B+ $oes not 3eel %ress're; *or8s slo*l- an$

eno-a,l- on a &ariet- o3 tas8s

# Im%ortant to mat(! %ersonalit- t-%e *it! %ositionto a&oi$ stress



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Conse6'en(es o3 istress# 0!-siologi(al (onse6'en(es

/5@J+:5J o3 all illnesses/Lo*er 3or *omen/(ar$io&as('lar $iseases/'l(ers; se.'al $-s3'n(tion; !ea$a(!es

# Be!a&ioral (onse6'en(es/*or8 %er3orman(e; a((i$ents; $e(isions/a,senteeism ++ $'e to si(8ness an$ 3lig!t

/*or8%la(e aggression# 0s-(!ologi(al Conse6'en(es

/moo$iness; $e%ression; emotional 3atig'e



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Co%ing *it! STRESS

# In$i&i$'al Co%ing Strategies/0ro,lem 3o('se$+ sol&e t!e %ro,lem; $on)t

%ro(rastinate

/2ime management+ sel3+management# s(!e$'ling; re*ar$s; %'nis!ments

/See8ing Hel%

# mentoring+ %ro(ess o3 senior %er3ormer (oa(!ing a

'nior one

/C!ange o,s



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Co%ing

# Emotion+3o('se$/Rela.ation

# me$itation

# na%%ing

/E.er(ise

/0s-(!ologi(al

# Em%lo-ee Assistan(e 0rograms

/Re(reation

/Com%anions!i%



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Famil-+Frien$l- an$ Wor8o, s!aring

# 2ele(omm'ting# 0ersonal lea&e

# C!il$(are 3a(ilities



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Ot!er Stress Management 0ra(ti(es

# Wit!$ra*ing 3rom t!e stressor/ %erson+o, mat(!ing/*or8 ,rea8s; sta,ilization zones; sa,,ati(als

# C!anging stress %er(e%tions/ sel3+e33i(a(-; sel3+lea$ers!i%

# Controlling stress (onse6'en(es/ rela.ation an$ me$itation

/ 3itness an$ li3est-le %rograms

# So(ial s'%%ort/emotional an$ in3ormational

chapter 5 stress management

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