chapter 5 sections 1 and 2. important terminology epi- : inter- : os- : pseud- : squam- : strat- :...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 5
Sections 1 and 2
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Important Terminology
• Epi- :• Inter- : • Os- :• Pseud- : • Squam- :• Strat- : • Chondro : • -cyte : • Simple:
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• Epi- : “above; covering”• Inter- : “between”• Os- : “bone tissue”• Pseud- : “false”• Squam- : “flattened”• Strat- : “layered”• Chondro : “cartilage”• -cyte : “cell”• Simple : one-layer
Important Terminology
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Section 1Introduction to Tissues
• Tissues- a group of similar cells that perform specific functions
• Between cells: nonliving extracellular material• Four basic types of tissue:
Tissue Type Tissue FunctionEpithelial Tissue Covering
Connective Tissue SupportMuscle Tissue Movement
Nervous Tissue Control
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Section 2Epithelial Tissue
• Covers all free body surfaces
• Anchored to connective tissue
• Functions in protection, secretion, absorption, and excretion
• Classified by SHAPE and NUMBER of layers
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3 “layers” of Epithelium
• Simple—One layer
• Pseudostratified—appears to be more than one layer
• Stratified—two or more layers of cells
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Pseudostratified
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3 “shapes” of Epithelia
1. Squamous – thin and flattened
2. Cuboidal – cube-shaped
3. Columnar – tall and “column-shaped”
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Squamous cells look a lot like a fried egg
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Cuboidal cells are shaped like ice cubes
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Columnar Cells look like columns
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• Simple squamous epithelium– Helps gas exchange– Lines blood and lymph vessels– Found in alveoli of lungs
• Simple cuboidal epithelium– Used for secretion and absorption in kidneys and other
glands
• Simple columnar epithelium– Lines uterus and digestive tracts– Helps to secrete mucous– Absorbs nutrients
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• Pseudostratified columnar– Lines respiratory passages– Protects and clears airways– Moves mucus
• Stratified squamous– Protection– Outer layer of skin; epidermis
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Honor’s Only
• Stratified cuboidal– Protection– Lines larger ducts of glands
• Transitional epithelium– Protection and ability to contract– Inner lining of bladder
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• Glandular epithelium• Exocrine glands—secrete into ducts
that open to surface• Endocrine glands—secrete into
tissue fluid or blood
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Types of Exocrine Glands
• Classified by how they secrete their products1. Merocrine gland – release water, protein-rich
fluids by exocytosis2. Apocrine gland – lose small portions of their
cell bodies during secretion3. Holocrine gland – entire cell lyses
(disintegrates) during secretion
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Chapter 5
Section 3
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Connective Tissues
Characteristics and Functions:
– Connects– Supports– Transports– A lot of extracellular
material between cells
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• Categories:1. Loose connective tissue2. Adipose tissue3. Dense connective tissue4. Cartilage5. Bone6. Blood
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Tissue Fibers
1. Collagenous- composed of collagen- very strong
2. Elastic- composed of microfribrils-very elastic and stretchy
3. Reticular- provides delicate support
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Why does our skin wrinkle?
Read the blue text box on page 100 to find out!
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1. Loose Connective Tissue:– Forms thin membrane
between organs– Beneath skin and
between muscles– Contains collagenous,
elastic, and reticular fibers
2. Adipose Tissue:– Stores fat
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3. Dense Connective Tissue:– Made up of strong, collagenous fibers– Found in tendons (muscle to bone) and
ligaments (bone to bone)
4. Cartilage:– Provides supportive framework– Lacks a direct blood supply; slow to heal
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5. Bone:– Contains mineral salts
and collagen– Active tissue that heals
rapidly
6. Blood:– Transports– Made of red cells, white
cells, and platelets– Suspended in plasma
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Chapter 5
Sections 4 and 5
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Section 4Muscle Tissue
General Characteristics:- Expand and contract- Help with body
movement
Three types:- Skeletal- Smooth- Cardiac
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Skeletal Muscle
• VOLUNTARY• Attached to bones• Cells are long and
threadlike• Contract when
stimulated by nerve impulses
Image: Skeletal Muscle Fibers
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Smooth Muscle
• INVOLUNTARY• Found in walls of hollow
organs (stomach, intestines, bladder, etc)
• Ex: Helps move food through digestive system
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Cardiac Muscle• INVOLUNTARY• Found only in the heart• Cells are striated and
branched• Helps pumping of blood
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Section 5Nervous Tissue
• Neurons – nerve cells• Neuroglia – support cells• Found in:
– Brain– Spinal cord– Peripheral nerves
• Help send signals to other neurons or muscles
• Coordinate and regulate body activities
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Chapter 5Section 6
Types of Membrane
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• Membrane: thin layers of epithelial and connective tissue surrounding and protecting organs
• Four types of Membranes:1. Serous 2. Mucous3. Cutaneous 4. Synovial
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1. Serous membrane- Lines cavities that lack openings to
the outside- Filled with fluid- Ex: surrounds the heart
2. Mucous membrane- Lines body cavities opening to the
outside such as digestive, respiratory, and reproductive
- Secrete mucous- Ex: within the nose and mouth
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3. Cutaneous membrane- the Skin
4. Synovial membrane– lines the joints– made up completely of
connective tissue