chapter 5 section 4. do now: map quiz obj: describe phillip’s conquest of greece explain...
TRANSCRIPT
Do Now: Map Quiz
Obj:Describe Phillip’s Conquest of GreeceExplain Alexander’s defeat of the PersiansExplain Alexander’s effect on future cultures
HW: Active Read 5.5Main Ideas #3-5 & Critical Thinking # 6
Many city-states were severely weakened after warRapid decline of military and economic power
King Phillip II of Macedonia takes noticeHas dream of taking control of all of Greece
and eventually Persia
Effects of Peloponnesian War
Northern Greece; lived in mountain villages more than city-state
Consider themselves to be Greek,However the Greeks looked down upon them
as uncivilized Lack of great philosophers, sculptures, and
writers
Macedonia
Phillip becomes king in 359 B.C.E. at 23 yrs oldTransforms his villagers into lethal professional
army
Phillip uses a 16x16 man phalanx, all armed with an 18ft spear
Uses the phalanx to break enemy lines and then sends in swift cavalry to crush disorganized opponent
Phillip II Builds his Army
Greek city-states failed to unite against PhillipEventually Thebes and Athens unite against
Phillip; but it was too lateMacedonian army had become too powerful
and easily defeated the city states
Greece now under the rule of a “foreigner”
Phillip Conquers Greece
King Phillip planned on attacking Persia nextAt his daughters wedding he was stabbed to
death Never got a chance to see the Persian WarPhillips son Alexander takes the throne
Alexander immediately takes control of the Macedonian kingdom and vows to attack Persia like his father had planned
Phillips Rule and the Rise of Alexander
Alexander the Great20 yrs old when he
came to powerTaught by Aristotle;
learned science, geo, and literature
Kept a copy of Iliad under his pillow to inspire himself
To prove his strength crushed Thebes during a revolt
Persian ConquestBattle of Granicus
35,000 Macedonians Vs. 40,000 Persians
Alexander smashes through enemy lines
Victory!
Battle of IssusKing Darius III
raises an army of 75,000 men
Alexander outnumbered charges through weak spot
Forces Darius III to flee
Alexander takes control of Anatolia
After the loss at Issus Darius III tried to negotiate with AlexanderOffered him all the land west of the Euphrates
River
Advised to take the deal- Persian resistance swelled Alexander’s ambition
Refused the offer and vowed to conquer the whole empire
Darius on the Retreat
Alexander marches to Egypt in 332 B.C.E.He is met as a liberatorThe Egyptians make him a pharaoh!
He builds the city of Alexandria at the mouth of the river Nile
What’s next……?
Alexander in Egypt
Alexander heads east to Mesopotamia Battle to Gaugamela:
Darius assembles an army of 250,000 men Once again the power of the phalanx and
Alexander’s cavalry were too much for Persian battle lines
Darius flees again; and Persian control ends
Soon Alexander controls:Babylon, Susa, and Persian capital Persepolis Alexander burns Persepolis to the ground
Alexander Conquers Persia
After returning to Babylon after 11 years and 11,000 miles Alexander makes plans to organize the empire
He wants to:Build roadsConstruct new citiesConstruct new harborsInvade Arabia
However; he become very sick with a fever and dies a few days later- 323 B.C.E.
Alexander’s Plan
After his death the Empire was divided by 3 powerful rulers
1) Antigonus- Macedonia (Greek city states)2) Ptolemy – Egypt 3) Seleucus – Persian Empire
Alexander’s Empire Divided