chapter 5 european exploration. the age of discovery in the beginning europeans were interested in...
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Chapter 5Chapter 5European ExplorationEuropean Exploration
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The Age Of DiscoveryThe Age Of DiscoveryIn the beginning Europeans were
interested in Europe, Africa, and South Asia◦They didn’t know North America existed.
They were especially interested in the Far East/Indies◦ India, China, and Japan◦What was there: silk, spices, tea, and gems
The “age of discovery” was started so European nations could find a direct route to the Far East, around the Muslim controlled land and seas in Asia
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Contact and European Contact and European ExplorationExploration1450-17301450-1730Spanish, French, and English
travel to the Americas seeking wealth.
They try to establish colonies in North America with varying success.
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SPANISH EXPLORERSSPANISH EXPLORERSColumbusVaspucciPonce de LeónVásquez de AllyónDe SotoPedro Mendez
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ColumbusColumbusInstructed to claim all lands
found in the name of Spain◦First discovered the islands in the
Caribbean Sea◦Called natives “Indians” because he
thought what he discovered was part of the Indies.
◦Believed this until his death◦Found no riches, spices, or silk
(just native jewelry)◦Does increase Spain’s wealth
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Amerigo VespucciAmerigo VespucciItalian businessman; Traveled
with ColumbusConvinced that the islands found
by Columbus were part of the New World
“America” comes from his name◦Given to this part of the world by a
Swiss mapmaker
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Juan Ponce de LeónJuan Ponce de León1st Spanish explorer to set foot on US
soilOn Columbus’s 2nd voyage stays in
CaribbeanBrutally conquers natives in Puerto
Rico, becomes governorExplores Florida coasts
◦Named it “Isla Florida” (Island of Flowers) Included modern day Florida, GA, S Carolina,
Alabama, and Mississippi◦Seeks “fountain of youth”- never finds it
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Lucas Vásquez de AllyónLucas Vásquez de AllyónTries to set up a Spanish
settlement on E coast600 Spanish settlers: men,
women, children, free blacks and slaves
1st Attempt: South Carolina◦Swampy; insects (eventually sends
him S)◦Landed in Aug; too late to plant crops
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Lucas Vásquez de AllyónLucas Vásquez de Allyón2nd Attempt: GeorgiaEstablishes San Miguel Guadalupe
settlement off GA coast (Sept 29, 1526)◦Allyón dies after being there just 10 days◦Lasts less than 1 year◦Most settlers die (very cold weather and
illness) ◦Slaves rebel (1st slave revolt in America)◦Survivors leave for Hispaniola (Dominican
Republic); only 150 are known to make it there alive
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Hernando De Soto in GAHernando De Soto in GARoute through GA:
◦1540: Enters SW corner of GA Food was a continuous problem Very little meat- ate dogs Over the 4 year expedition almost ½ people
died (including De Soto) from disease, exposure, and Indian attacks
◦De Soto goes NE into Carolinas 1st European expedition to cross Appalachian
Mountains◦May have reentered GA into Chiefdom
of Coosa (Mississippian)◦Some disagree; believe that he went
straight to Alabama
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Hernando De SotoHernando De SotoConflicts with Native Conflicts with Native AmericansAmericansDe Soto and the Coosa:
◦He was cruel to the Native Americans; captures Coosa Chief
◦SE native groups mad; tried to destroy expedition
◦Massacre fails; 2500-3000 Native Americans killed
◦De Soto heads W but dies soon after; possibly from battle wounds
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Pedro MenéndezPedro Menéndez1565; sailed with soldiers from
Spain◦Spain didn’t like that the French built
Fort Caroline in Spanish Florida◦Spain was outraged that France was
building on Spanish soil and raiding Spanish ships
Orders were to drive the French out and begin colonizing La Florida◦Quickly carried out their orders◦Captured Fort Caroline and executed
the Huguenot defenders
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St. Augustine- Spanish St. Augustine- Spanish ColonyColony1565: Pedro Menéndez tries to
keep French out of FlaDefeats French; builds St.
Augustine fort not far from GA1st successful Spanish settlement
in North AmericaLocated on Atlantic coast; very
important military/political baseProtected Spanish treasure ships
traveling on the gulf stream
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Spanish MissionsSpanish MissionsFriars (church missionaries) lived
and worked with Indians here◦May have a few soldiers
Missions were Spain’s plan to prepare the SE for colonization◦Were usually built at the village of an
important chief◦ Indians were instructed in religion and
social behavior. Trade also was here. Young: reading, writing Adults: new crops and farming methods
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English Exploration In North English Exploration In North AmericaAmerica
New World claims did NOT require the permission of the Native Americans◦Catholic and Protestant rulers both
believed that they had legal right to occupy any land that was not already colonized by another power.
◦They also felt moral duty to convert the natives to Christianity.
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French ExplorersFrench ExplorersGiovanni de VerrazanoJean Ribault
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Giovanni de VerrazanoGiovanni de Verrazano
1524: sailed from France◦Thought he could sail W from Europe
to Asia (like Columbus)◦1st came ashore on the Carolina
coast, or possibly as far south as GA and Fla
◦He then sailed up the east coast to Nova Scotia before returning home
Spain used his exploration as the basis for its claim to the SE
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Jean RibaultJean Ribault
1562: he and his Huguenots (French Protestants) landed on Florida’s coast and sailed N looking for a place to settle.
N of present day Savannah, he discovered a protected inlet he named Port Royal◦Here the 1st European fort was built:
Charles Fort