Chapter 5 DrugsChapter 5 Drugs

Drug dependence & Drug dependence &

Types of DrugsTypes of Drugs

Drug Dependence & Types of DrugsDrug Dependence & Types of Drugs

Objectives:Objectives:

1.1. Students will be able to compare and Students will be able to compare and contrast psychological and physical contrast psychological and physical dependence. dependence.

2.2. Students will be able to name and Students will be able to name and classify the commonly abused drugs.classify the commonly abused drugs.

IntroductionIntroduction

What is a drug?What is a drug? A natural or synthetic substance that A natural or synthetic substance that

is used to produce physiological or is used to produce physiological or psychological effects.psychological effects.

Importance to forensic science?Importance to forensic science? 75% of evidence evaluated by crime 75% of evidence evaluated by crime

labs is drug related.labs is drug related.

Drug DependenceDrug Dependence

Factors affecting drug dependence Factors affecting drug dependence include:include:

Nature of the drugNature of the drug Route of administrationRoute of administration DoseDose Frequency of administrationFrequency of administration An individual’s rate of metabolismAn individual’s rate of metabolism

Drug DependenceDrug Dependence

Non-drug factors affecting drug Non-drug factors affecting drug dependence include:dependence include:

Personality of the userPersonality of the user Expectations about drug useExpectations about drug use Society’s attitudes and possible Society’s attitudes and possible

responsesresponses Setting in which the drug is usedSetting in which the drug is used

Drug dependenceDrug dependence

Psychological dependence:Psychological dependence:The conditioned use of a drug caused by The conditioned use of a drug caused by

underlying emotional needsunderlying emotional needs

Physical dependence:Physical dependence:Physiological need for a drug brought Physiological need for a drug brought

about by its regular use and about by its regular use and characterized by withdrawal sickness characterized by withdrawal sickness when administration of the drug is when administration of the drug is abruptly stopped.abruptly stopped.

Types of DrugsTypes of Drugs

Narcotic – Narcotic – a drug that induces sleep and a drug that induces sleep and depresses vital body functions such as depresses vital body functions such as blood pressure, pulse rate, and blood pressure, pulse rate, and breathing ratebreathing rate

Includes:Includes:

Opiates-morphine, heroin, codeineOpiates-morphine, heroin, codeine

Synthetic opiates-methadone, oxy-continSynthetic opiates-methadone, oxy-contin

Analgesics- Analgesics- substances that decrease substances that decrease pain.pain.

Types of DrugsTypes of Drugs

Hallucinogen-Hallucinogen-a substance that a substance that induces changes in normal thought induces changes in normal thought processes, perceptions, and moodsprocesses, perceptions, and moods

Includes:Includes:

Marijuana, LSD, PCPMarijuana, LSD, PCP

Types of DrugsTypes of Drugs

Depressant-Depressant-a substance that slows down, or a substance that slows down, or depresses, the functions of the central depresses, the functions of the central nervous systemnervous system

Includes:Includes:

AlcoholAlcohol

Barbiturates (“Barbitals”, Quaalude)Barbiturates (“Barbitals”, Quaalude)

Anti-psychotic/anti-anxiety drugs (Miltown, Anti-psychotic/anti-anxiety drugs (Miltown, Librium, Valium)Librium, Valium)

Inhaled volatile substances (glue, gasoline, Inhaled volatile substances (glue, gasoline, etc.)etc.)

Types of DrugsTypes of Drugs

Stimulant-Stimulant-a substance that speeds a substance that speeds up, or stimulates, the central nervous up, or stimulates, the central nervous systemsystem

Includes:Includes:

Amphetamines/methamphetaminesAmphetamines/methamphetamines

Cocaine/CrackCocaine/Crack

Types of DrugsTypes of Drugs

Club drugs-Club drugs-synthetic drugs often synthetic drugs often used at clubs, bars, etc.used at clubs, bars, etc.

Includes:Includes:

MDMA (Ecstasy)MDMA (Ecstasy)

GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyrate)GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyrate)

Rohypnol (“Roofie”)Rohypnol (“Roofie”)

KetamineKetamine

MethamphetamineMethamphetamine

Types of DrugsTypes of Drugs

Anabolic Steroids-Anabolic Steroids-synthetic synthetic compounds chemically related to the compounds chemically related to the male sex hormone testosterone that male sex hormone testosterone that are used to promote muscle growthare used to promote muscle growth