chapter 5 clouds. what are the basic elements of weather & climate (list 6) wind temperature...
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 5 Clouds
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What are the Basic Elementsof Weather & Climate
(list 6)
Wind
Temperature
HumidityClouds
PrecipitationPressure
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Precipitation
List 6 forms of precipitation:
What is graupel?
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Clouds: • A visible aggregate of minute droplets of
water or tiny ice crystals (or both).
For Clouds to form, TWO conditions must exist:
1. Air is lifted, cooled adiabatically, until the air is SATURATED. Then water vapor can
condense into water droplets
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What do all these pictures have to do with clouds?
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Cloud Condensation Nuclei
2. Water vapor needs to condense (stick) onto a SURFACE.
A “surface” can be microscopic dust particles, smoke, salt, pollen, volcanic ash, soot from combustion or forest fires.
Without the condensation nuclei surface, the air needs to be greater than 100% humidity or very, very low temperatures (so the water vapor has very little KE and the particles can slow down enough to collide and stick together.
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2 types of condensation nuclei
Hygroscopic nuclei• “Water-seeking”• Effective sites for water
vapor to condense into droplets.
• Form larger water droplets
• Example: salt particles
Hydrophobic nuclei• “water-repelling”• Not efficient for forming
water droplets • only if the relative humidity
reaches 100%• Form smaller droplets
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Initially, cloud droplet formation is
rapid,but it slows as the
water vapor in the air is used up
The size of cloud droplets can vary.
It takes about a million cloud
droplets to form a single raindrop.
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Classification Cloud Types Height Composition Description
High Clouds Prefix: ____________ _____________meters
Middle Clouds Prefix: ___________ ____________meters
Low Clouds Prefix: ____________ _____________meters
Clouds of Vertical
Development
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Cloud Types: height and form
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Pg. 134
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Cirrus Clouds
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Cirrostratus
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Cirrocumulus
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AircraftContrails:
Condensation trails of ice crystals
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Altocumulus Altostratus
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Nimbostratus
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Cumulus Clouds
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Cumulonimbus:Dark, dense, towering clouds with anvil-tops that reach heights of 30,000 ft. and produce thunderstorms, hail and tornados.
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• Why are high clouds always so thin
compared to low clouds?
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Lenticular
Clouds
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