chapter 5 ancient greece (1)

8/9/2019 Chapter 5 Ancient Greece (1)

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Ancient Greece

Chapter 5



Geography

• Land %ery mo!ntaino!s "Mt' (lymp!s$

• )i*c!lt to !nite !nder one go%ernment,di%ided the people, became +ercelyindependent "citystates$

• Climate – moderate "Mediterranean$temperat!re, led to o!tdoor acti%ities –

shopping, ci%ic meetings, athletics,interaction



irst Gree-s

• Minoans fromCrete

• .ealthy traders,

large homes, fancyclothes, /e0elry

• 1nded byearth2!a-e,%olcano, tidal0a%e3



Mycenaeans

• Mycenae – b!ilt onsteep hills

• orti+ed 0ith stone0alls, bron4e age

• ro/an .ar "6788 9C1$

• Gree- -ings attac-ed roy in Asia Minor

• Gree-#s 0ife stolen by

ro/an man• Archaeological

e%idence that this 0astr!e



)orians

• 6788 9C1 – :88 9C1

• Mycenaean ci%ili4ationcollapsed

• rom ;orth of Greececame 0ith iron0eapons

• Little s-ill, lessad%anced

• rade and progress ata stand still

• S-ill of 0riting lost

• )ar- Ages



<omer

• 9lind poet

• )epended on spo-en 0ord "bards –storytellers$

• .rote long epics – ideals of heroism,e=cellence , co!rage, honor

• Interested in indi%id!als> heroescompete for glory

• he Iliad and he (dyssey "?58 9C1$abo!t the ro/an .ar



1arly Gree- Leaders

• )raco – @76 9C codi+ed Athenianla0s pro%ided se%ere p!nishments

"draconianB harsh or se%ere$• Solon – 5DE 9C – canceled land

mortgages, freed people ensla%ed

for debt, allo0ed male citi4ens toser%e on /!ries, grantedcommoners right to %ote in

Assembly



Leaders cont'

• Cleisthenes – 58: 9C – e=pandeddemocracy by e=tending citi4enship>

began practice of ostracism – banishingany citi4en deemed dangero!s to thestate

• ericles – E@6 9C – pop!lar leader>

opened go%ernment to all men, paidsalaries to p!blic o*cials – he Age ofericles or he Golden Age – height ofdemocracy> art, science, trade,man!fact!ring thri%ed



ypes of go%ernments in Greece

• Monarchy – oneman r!le "-ing$

• Aristocracy – r!le by a small gro!p

of nobles• (ligarchy – r!le by fe0

• yranny – r!le by one man 0ho

sei4ed po0er, fa%ored by somepeople "!nli-e today#s de+nition$

• )emocracy – r!le by the people



Athens

olis citystate "basic political !nit$

Acropolis – hill, central meeting placeAgora – belo0 hill, open place for meetingsCiti4ens those 0ho too- part in go%t'<oplites – hea%ily armed infantry soldiers

halan= – marching formation sho!lder tosho!lder



Ruins of Ancient Sparta



http://www.history.com/videos/deconstructing-history-the-acropolis







Athens cont'

)emocratic society he Assembly 0as the ma/or political

body All male citi4ens belonged> all 0ere

e2!al & had freedom of speech F!ry system for co!rt cases

<ad to ed!cate sons participate ingo%t'

7 years military ser%ice at age 6:



SAAMilitary society & aristocracy

<arsh life In%aded other cities to f!l+ll needs>

greatest 0arriors in Greece

If a child 0as born sic-ly ordeformed, they 0ere left in hills todie



Sparta

At age ?, boys 0ere sent to military>at @8 they co!ld retire> girls gotrigoro!s physical training also

.omen 0ere strong and +t tobecome mothers

S!spicio!s of ne0 ideas ;( C<A;G1

Sparta lagged far behind other citiesin economic de%elopment



http://www.history.com/videos/spar tans

http://www.history.com/videos/spartans






Acropolis



Temple Athena Nike



Temple of lympian !eus



Sanctuary of Athena at "elphi



ersian .ars

• EDD 9C ersians control largest empire

• ersians 0ant re%enge for Gree- s!pport ofIonian re%olt "Gree-s b!rned capital$

• )ari!s attac-s Greece at "6$ MAA<(;• Gree-s o!tn!mbered b!t 0in battle

• heidippides ran from Marathon to Athens"7@ miles$ to anno!nce %ictory – died>

modern day marathonB• Minor defeat for ersia b!t sho0ed they

co!ld be beaten



Gree- hoplite "soldier$@th c' 9C



ersian .ar cont'

Greeks lose (.etra!ed) / thens.urned all Spartans die

Greeks lure "ersian nav! into theshallo# #aters of (1) S2S -Greeks vi3torious

(4) "' #ar finall! ends



Leonidas & the Spartans hold

the ersians at hermopylaepass



9attle of Salamis, E:8 9C



Thermopylae



$eonidas



ersian .arH !rning oint

1nd of ersian e=pansion 0estersians don#t con2!er 1!rope

shers in the Golden Age of Athens

Classical age begins – art,literat!re, commerce Jo!rish

Gree- citystates maintain their

independence> Athens dominates



%olden Age of Athens

&ericles led Athens in this period '()* +, "elian $eague defensive alliance Athens

led &eloponnesian $eague led 0y Sparta Athens stood for all that was the 0est in %reek

civili1ation "eeply committed to democracy Assem0ly



The Agora



Classical Greece

• .riters

• hilosophers

• ottery• (lympics

• eligion

• <istorians

• Sc!lpt!re• Architect!re



hilosophy – Lo%e of .isdomB

• Socrates – !sed 2!estioning

method "Socratic method$– 1=amine one#s life

– Con%icted of corr!pting yo!th> -illed"dran- hemloc-$

• lato – St!dent of Socrates "E7?KE? 9C$ started he Academy– he ep!blic – +rst boo- on political

science "did not fa%or democracy $



hilosophy cont'

• Aristotle "K:EK779C$ 0rote on

philosophy,science, & go%t'

• !tored Ale=anderthe Great'



<istory

• <erodot!s – father of historyB –described the ersian in%asion>

embellished 0ith fable ands!perstition> not %ery acc!rate

• h!cydides – acc!rate acco!nt of

eloponnesian .ar> eye0itnessacco!nts> facts



heatre

• )ramas, o!tdoor amphitheatres

• ragediesH

– Aeschyl!s – Agamemnon> ersian.ars> gods pro%ided /!stice

– 1!ripedes – Medea, critici4ed 0ar,pre/!dice, greed

• ComediesH– Aristophanes – satiri4ed political

leaders



Architect!re

• arthenon – most famo!s> templeto Athena ".isdom$ atop the

Acropolis in Athens• se of col!mns – )oric, Ionic,

Corinthian "elaborate, c!rly$



Science and Math

• ythagoras – important principalsof geometry

• <ippocrates – father of medicine,attrib!ted disease to nat!ral, nots!perstitio!s ca!ses

– <ippocratic (ath – !phold medicalstandards – do no harm



Amphora 2ase



he (lympics

• ??@ 9C> held e%ery E years

• Athletes tra%eled to Mt' (lymp!s to

honor e!s• Glory in athletic competition

• entathlon most important e%ent "5$

– long /!mp, /a%elin, disc!s, footrace, 0restling

• Men only "na-ed$

• ri4e – honor and fame for yo!r city



eligion – he Gree- Gods

• Li%ed on Mt' (lymp!s "67$

• .ere immortal

• hey 0ere h!manli-eB – fo!ght,had h!man 0ea-nesses

• (racles to 0orship the gods



)emocracy

• G11C1

• )irect )emocracy– citi4ens 0ere

members oflegislat!re

• Citi4enship basedon Athenianancestry

• .omen deniedpolitical rights

• Sla%ery permitted

• 'S'

• epresentati%e)emocracy –

citi4ens electrepresentati%es

• Citi4enship based

on American birthor nat!rali4ation

• .omen – e2!alrights

• Sla%ery prohibited



&eloponnesian 3ar '(4* +,-(5( +,

Series of battles bet0een Athens and Sparta Sparta e%ent!ally 0ins "military s!periority$ Greece 0ea-ened o%er ne=t cent!ry by

+ghting Gro0ing po0er to the ;orth, Macedonia goes

!nnoticed 1nd of classical Greece



Alexander the Great

hilip II of Macedonia, Ale=ander#s

father, hadcon2!ered most of Greece by the time ofhis death

KK@ 9CAle=ander from Macedonia"north of Greece$ becomes ing "age 78$KKE 9C Ale=ander in%ades ersianempire & 0ins ma/or %ictory in Asia Minor



Ale=ander the Great – <ellenistic

Age• Global %ie0 – belie%ed non – Gree-s 0eree2!al> enco!raged men to marry ersians

• <ellenistic – mi= of Gree- and Middle

1astern c!lt!re "Indian too$• Ale=andria, 1gypt – -ey city> home to

poets, scholars, 0riters, scientists,philosophers> great library

• 9!ilt temples, baths, theatres, stat!es, etc'



Contrib!tions <ellenistic

• Aristarch!s – roposed that earthre%ol%ed aro!nd s!n "not 0idelys!pported$

• tolemy – 1arth at center of!ni%erse

• 1ratosthenes – belie%ed earth 0asro!nd, comp!ted circ!mference

• 1!clid basis of geometry• Archimedes – pi, le%er and p!lley



<ellenistic contrib!tions cont'

• 1pic!rianism "philosophy$ – h!mans0ere free to follo0 selfinterest,p!rs!it of pleas!re and happiness,

%irt!o!s cond!ct, absence of pain• Stoicism – fo!nded by eno> li%e inharmony 0ith god> daily problems0o!ld not dist!rb yo!, bear

0hate%er life oOers "stoic$• Sc!lpt!re – Coloss!s of hodes 688ft' bron4e



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Colossus_of_Rhodes.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Rhodes0211.jpg

chapter 5 ancient greece (1)

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