Chapter 4 The War for Independence

Section 3

Struggling Toward Saratoga

Chapter 4 Section 3 Struggling Toward Saratoga

• KEY TERMS

• Valley Forge• Trenton• Saratoga• Inflation• Profiteering

Chapter 4 Section 3 Struggling Toward Saratoga

• British decide to stop rebellion by isolating New England

• 32,000 British soldiers and Hessians take New York in summer of 1776

• Many colonial troops killed

• Washington’s army retreats to Pennsylvania

Chapter 4 Section 3 Struggling Toward Saratoga

• Battle of Trenton– Christmas 1776– Washington Crosses Delaware River in NJ– Surprises Hessian garrison – Wins Battle of Trenton

• Eight days later, Americans win battle of Princeton against British

Chapter 4 Section 3 Struggling Toward Saratoga

• French secretly start sending weapons to Americans (1776)

• French recognize American Independence, sign treaty in 1778 vowing no peace until Britain recognizes American Independence

Chapter 4 Section 3 Struggling Toward Saratoga

• Valley Forge– Continental Army of 10,000 camps there

during winter of 1777-1778– During this time more than 2,000 die of

cold and hunger– Situation desperate

Chapter 4 Section 3 Struggling Toward Saratoga

• Need for Money– Congress sells BONDS to investors &

foreign governments– Prints paper money called “Continentals”– Inflation (rising prices for goods)– Some Officials engage in “Profiteering” by

selling scarce items for extreme profit – Price gouging

– Two patriots Morris & Salomon use own credit to borrow money to pay army

Chapter 4 Section 3 Struggling Toward Saratoga

• Civilians at War– Husbands fight, women manage homes &

businesses– Many women cook, wash, mend clothing,

provide medical care to troops – Some women fight– Thousands of African American Slaves

escape to cities, frontier– Approx 5,000 African Americans serve in

Continental Army