Chapter 4: The Colonies Grow Chapter 4: The Colonies Grow 1607-17701607-1770

Why it Matters: Why it Matters: Independence was a Independence was a spirit that became spirit that became evident early in the evident early in the history of the history of the American people. The American people. The spirit of spirit of independence independence contributed to the contributed to the birth of a new nation, birth of a new nation, one with a new one with a new government and a government and a culture that was culture that was distinct from those of distinct from those of other countries.other countries.

The Impact Today:The Impact Today: Americans continue to Americans continue to value independence. value independence. For example: The right For example: The right to practice one’s own to practice one’s own religion freely is religion freely is safeguarded. safeguarded. Americans value the Americans value the right to express right to express themselves freely and themselves freely and to make their own to make their own laws.laws.

Section 1: Life in the ColoniesSection 1: Life in the Colonies

Main Idea: Main Idea: Each Each region developed a region developed a unique way of life.unique way of life.

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Key Terms:Key Terms: Subsistence Subsistence

FarmingFarming Triangular TradeTriangular Trade Cash CropCash Crop DiversityDiversity TidewaterTidewater BackcountryBackcountry OverseerOverseer

I. New England Colonies pgs. I. New England Colonies pgs. 100-103100-103

Immigration was an important factor Immigration was an important factor to the growth of the colonies. to the growth of the colonies.

Between 1607 and 1775, almost a Between 1607 and 1775, almost a million people came to live in the million people came to live in the colonies. colonies.

Colonies grew Colonies grew Parents had larger families Parents had larger families More babies survived childhood diseases More babies survived childhood diseases People began to live longer.People began to live longer.

New England Colonies cont.New England Colonies cont.

Most New Englanders lived in towns. Most New Englanders lived in towns. Each town had a meetinghouse Each town had a meetinghouse

facing a green, or common, where facing a green, or common, where cows grazed and the army trained. cows grazed and the army trained.

The meetinghouse was used for both The meetinghouse was used for both town meetings and church services.town meetings and church services.

New England Colonies cont.New England Colonies cont.

The soil in New The soil in New England made England made farming difficult.farming difficult.

Farming produced Farming produced just enough to meet just enough to meet the needs of families. the needs of families. This was called This was called subsistence subsistence farming.farming. The farms in The farms in New England were New England were also smaller than in also smaller than in the South.the South.

New EnglandNew England

Small businesses Small businesses thrived. thrived.

Skilled craftspeople, Skilled craftspeople, blacksmiths, furniture blacksmiths, furniture makers, and printers makers, and printers started businesses. started businesses.

Women often produced Women often produced extra candles, extra candles, garments and soup to garments and soup to sell or trade.sell or trade.

Winding the Spools for Weaving

Typical New England Colonial House

New England Colonies cont.New England Colonies cont.

Shipbuilding and Shipbuilding and fishing were fishing were important important industries. industries.

Trade with Northern Trade with Northern and Southern and Southern Colonies and with Colonies and with the West Indies the West Indies centered in centered in northern coastal northern coastal cities. cities.

New EnglandNew England

Trade with the Trade with the colonies and Europe colonies and Europe also centered in also centered in northern coastal northern coastal cities. cities.

Manufactured Manufactured goods from Europe goods from Europe were traded for fish, were traded for fish, furs and fruit from furs and fruit from New England.New England.

New England Colonies cont.New England Colonies cont. F.F. The The triangular tradetriangular trade route developed. Ships route developed. Ships

brought sugar and molasses from the West Indies brought sugar and molasses from the West Indies to New England where the molasses was made to New England where the molasses was made into rum. From New England, rum and other into rum. From New England, rum and other manufactured foods were shipped to West Africa. manufactured foods were shipped to West Africa. On the second leg in Africa, these goods were On the second leg in Africa, these goods were traded for enslaved Africans. On the last leg, the traded for enslaved Africans. On the last leg, the enslaved Africans were taken to the West Indies enslaved Africans were taken to the West Indies where they were sold to planters. The profit was where they were sold to planters. The profit was used to buy more molasses, and the triangular used to buy more molasses, and the triangular trade continued.trade continued.

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New England Colonies cont.New England Colonies cont.

One of the worst One of the worst parts of the parts of the triangular trade was triangular trade was called the Middle called the Middle Passage. Enslaved Passage. Enslaved Africans endured Africans endured inhumane treatment inhumane treatment and conditions and conditions during the voyage during the voyage across the Atlantic.across the Atlantic.

Middle PassageMiddle Passage

II. The Middle Colonies II. The Middle Colonies pgs.103-104pgs.103-104

Farms in these colonies were larger than in New Farms in these colonies were larger than in New England. As a result, they produced greater England. As a result, they produced greater quantities of quantities of cash cropscash crops..

The port cities of New York and Philadelphia The port cities of New York and Philadelphia became busy with the wheat and livestock that became busy with the wheat and livestock that was shipped from them.was shipped from them.

Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies Lumbering, mining, small-Lumbering, mining, small-

scale manufacturing, and scale manufacturing, and home-based crafts were home-based crafts were major industries of the major industries of the region.region.

Religious and cultural Religious and cultural differences existed here. differences existed here.

Immigrants from Germany, Immigrants from Germany, Holland, Sweden, and other Holland, Sweden, and other non-English countries non-English countries provided a cultural diversity provided a cultural diversity not found in New England.not found in New England.

III.III. The Southern Colonies The Southern Coloniespg. 104-105pg. 104-105

A.A. The economies of The economies of the Southern Colonies the Southern Colonies were dependent upon were dependent upon tobacco in Maryland tobacco in Maryland and Virginia and on and Virginia and on rice in South Carolina rice in South Carolina and Georgia. As a and Georgia. As a result, commerce or result, commerce or industry was slow to industry was slow to develop in the South.develop in the South.

Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies

Growing tobacco Growing tobacco and rice was and rice was dependent upon dependent upon slave labor. Rice was slave labor. Rice was even more profitable even more profitable than tobacco. than tobacco. London Merchants, London Merchants, rather than the local rather than the local merchants, merchants, managed this managed this southern trade.southern trade.

Plantation LifePlantation Life

Tobacco and rice Tobacco and rice were grown on were grown on plantations. plantations.

A plantation, or A plantation, or large farm, was large farm, was often on a river so often on a river so crops could be crops could be shipped easily by shipped easily by boat. boat.

PlantationsPlantations

Each plantation was a Each plantation was a community consisting community consisting of a main house, of a main house, kitchen, slave cabins, kitchen, slave cabins, barns, stables, and barns, stables, and outbuildings, and outbuildings, and perhaps a chapel and perhaps a chapel and a school. a school.

They were in the They were in the TidewaterTidewater region of region of the South.the South.

The Southern Colonies cont.The Southern Colonies cont.

Some people in the South settled in the Some people in the South settled in the backcountrybackcountry region, toward the region, toward the Appalachian Mountains. Appalachian Mountains.

Small farms grew corn and tobacco. Small farms grew corn and tobacco. The independent small farmers out-The independent small farmers out-

numbered the large plantation owners. numbered the large plantation owners. Plantation owners controlled the Plantation owners controlled the

economic and political life of the region.economic and political life of the region.

BackcountryBackcountry

Slavery pg. 106Slavery pg. 106

Slavery was a main Slavery was a main reason for the reason for the economic success economic success of the South. of the South.

Criticized as being Criticized as being inhumane. inhumane.

Some colonists did Some colonists did not believe in not believe in slavery, nor would slavery, nor would they own enslaved they own enslaved people.people.

Slave LifeSlave Life Most of the enslaved Most of the enslaved

Africans lived on Africans lived on plantations. plantations.

Many suffered from cruel Many suffered from cruel treatment. treatment.

All of the Southern Colonies All of the Southern Colonies had slave labor and slave had slave labor and slave codes, codes,

Slave Codes- Slave Codes- strict rules strict rules that governed the enslaved that governed the enslaved Africans. Africans.

Most plantation owners Most plantation owners hired hired overseers-overseers-or bosses or bosses to keep slaves working hard.to keep slaves working hard.

Slavery Slavery They also developed their own culture as They also developed their own culture as

enslaved peopleenslaved people

Based on their West African homelands.Based on their West African homelands.

Some were given the opportunity to learn Some were given the opportunity to learn trades and become skilled workers. trades and become skilled workers.

Few could buy their freedom, they Few could buy their freedom, they developed communities with other free developed communities with other free African Americans.African Americans.

Wrap Up QuestionsWrap Up Questions

1. Why were the enslaved Africans 1. Why were the enslaved Africans forced into such a brutal existence forced into such a brutal existence during the Middle Passage?during the Middle Passage?

2. What was the importance of cash 2. What was the importance of cash crops?crops?

3. Would you have wanted to be a 3. Would you have wanted to be a backcountry farmer or a plantation backcountry farmer or a plantation owner? Give your reasons.owner? Give your reasons.