Persia Attacks the Persia Attacks the GreeksGreeks

Chapter 5 Section 3Chapter 5 Section 3

PeoplePeopleCyrus the GreatCyrus the Great

Ruled from 559 to 530 BCE, he started the Ruled from 559 to 530 BCE, he started the Persian Empire and was known for treating his Persian Empire and was known for treating his subjects wellsubjects well

DariusDariusRuler of Persian Empire who reorganized it into Ruler of Persian Empire who reorganized it into 20 provinces (20 provinces (satrapies)satrapies) to make it run better. to make it run better.

XerxesXerxesSon of Darius, he vowed revenge against the Son of Darius, he vowed revenge against the Athenians and led the Persians in a new invasion Athenians and led the Persians in a new invasion of Greece in 480 BCEof Greece in 480 BCE

PeoplePeopleThemistoclesThemistocles

Athenian general who created the strategy to Athenian general who created the strategy to fight against Xerxes and his Persians.fight against Xerxes and his Persians.

(cut off the shipments of food brought in by (cut off the shipments of food brought in by boat and starve them out)boat and starve them out)

Herodotus (p.135) Herodotus (p.135) Author of Author of History of the Persian WarsHistory of the Persian Wars, he , he described the conflict as one between described the conflict as one between freedom and dictatorship. freedom and dictatorship. Persian WarsPersian Wars is is considered to be the first real history in considered to be the first real history in Western civilizationWestern civilization

PlacesPlacesPersiaPersia

Area that is now southwestern IranArea that is now southwestern IranMarathonMarathon

A city located close to Athens, and the site of A city located close to Athens, and the site of one of the first battles between Persia and one of the first battles between Persia and the Greeks. the Greeks.

ThermopylaeThermopylaeA narrow pass through the mountains, and A narrow pass through the mountains, and the location of an important battle during the the location of an important battle during the 22ndnd Persian invasion. Persian invasion.

Places/DefinePlaces/DefineSalamisSalamis

a narrow strait and location of a naval battle in a narrow strait and location of a naval battle in which the Greeks defeated the larger Persian shipswhich the Greeks defeated the larger Persian ships

SatrapiesSatrapiesprovinces(20 in number) in ancient Persia, created provinces(20 in number) in ancient Persia, created by Darius to make a more efficient governmentby Darius to make a more efficient government

SatrapSatrapruler of each province, he acted as judge, tax ruler of each province, he acted as judge, tax collector, chief of police, and recruiter for the army. collector, chief of police, and recruiter for the army. All satraps answered to the king.All satraps answered to the king.

OtherOther

ZoroastrianismZoroastrianism-state religion of Persia for over 1000 -state religion of Persia for over 1000 yearsyears-believed in supreme forces of good and -believed in supreme forces of good and evilevil-believed humans had the right to choose -believed humans had the right to choose between right and wrongbetween right and wrong-good will triumph in the end-good will triumph in the end

QuestionsQuestions1) The people of Persia lived in the area 1) The people of Persia lived in the area

of what present day country? of what present day country? IranIran

2) Why was Cyrus considered a fair 2) Why was Cyrus considered a fair ruler?ruler?

He treated all of his subjects, including He treated all of his subjects, including his conquered ones fairly. He also his conquered ones fairly. He also allowed the captive Jews in Babylon to allowed the captive Jews in Babylon to return home.return home.

QuestionsQuestions3) Why did Darius create satrapies?3) Why did Darius create satrapies?The empire grew too large to manage easily, The empire grew too large to manage easily,

so by creating the satrapies he made the so by creating the satrapies he made the government more efficient.government more efficient.

4) Who were the Immortals?4) Who were the Immortals?The Immortals were a group of 10,000 specially The Immortals were a group of 10,000 specially

trained soldiers who guarded the king. trained soldiers who guarded the king. They They were called Immortals because as soon as were called Immortals because as soon as one died, he was immediately replaced.one died, he was immediately replaced.

QuestionsQuestions5) 5) ZoroastrianismZoroastrianism was the religion of was the religion of

Persia. It was similar to Judaism Persia. It was similar to Judaism because because it was monotheistic.it was monotheistic.

Questions continuedQuestions continued6) What led to the Persian Wars?6) What led to the Persian Wars?After the Athenian Army helped the After the Athenian Army helped the

Greeks in Asia Minor attempt a Greeks in Asia Minor attempt a rebellion against their Persian rulers, rebellion against their Persian rulers, Darius decided the Greeks had to be Darius decided the Greeks had to be stopped from interfering.stopped from interfering.

7) Describe the Battle of Marathon.7) Describe the Battle of Marathon.

The Greeks were outnumbered 2 to 1, The Greeks were outnumbered 2 to 1, and the Persians waited for the Greeks and the Persians waited for the Greeks to advance. They did not, so finally the to advance. They did not, so finally the Persians retreated to their ships. After Persians retreated to their ships. After the cavalry got on board, the Greeks the cavalry got on board, the Greeks charged down onto the plain and charged down onto the plain and caught the Persians by surprise as they caught the Persians by surprise as they were standing in the water. They were were standing in the water. They were easily defeated. easily defeated.

8) A few thousand Greeks were 8) A few thousand Greeks were defending the narrow mountain pass defending the narrow mountain pass against many Persians successfully, against many Persians successfully, until a traitor led them around the until a traitor led them around the Greeks to mount a rear attack. Greeks to mount a rear attack. Leonidas and a few hundred of his men Leonidas and a few hundred of his men held them off long enough to let the held them off long enough to let the Athenian navy assemble their ships. It Athenian navy assemble their ships. It was Persian victory, but an important was Persian victory, but an important battle for both sides.battle for both sides.

9) The strait of Salamis was near the city-9) The strait of Salamis was near the city-state of state of Athens.Athens.

10) The battle of 10) The battle of PlataeaPlataea was a turning was a turning point of the Persian War. point of the Persian War. When the When the Greek city-states united, forming the Greek city-states united, forming the largest Greek army ever, they crushed largest Greek army ever, they crushed the Persians. It convinced the Persians the Persians. It convinced the Persians to retreat to Asia Minor.to retreat to Asia Minor.

11) What led to the collapse of the 11) What led to the collapse of the Persian Empire?Persian Empire?

Persian rulers continued to raise taxes Persian rulers continued to raise taxes and spend that money on luxuries. The and spend that money on luxuries. The royal families also had many internal royal families also had many internal problems. All of this made Persia problems. All of this made Persia vulnerable to attack. vulnerable to attack.