chapter 4 section 3 8 th grade world history mrs. thompson
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Persia Attacks Greece. Chapter 4 Section 3 8 th Grade World History Mrs. Thompson. Persian Empire. Main Idea. The Persian Empire united a wide area under a single government. The people of Persia were nomads warriors and lived in what is today southwestern Iran. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Chapter 4 Section 3
8th Grade World History
Mrs. Thompson
The Persian Empire united a wide area under a single government.
The people of Persia were nomads warriors and lived in what is today southwestern Iran.
The Persian EmpireThe Persian Empire
He allowed different cultures within his
empire to keep their own
institutions.
He allowed different cultures within his
empire to keep their own
institutions.
The Rise of the Persian Empire
He captured Babylon in 539 B.C. as well as Mesopotamia,
Asia Minor,Syria, Canaan, Phoenician cities to unite Persians
under powerful kingdom.
Cyrus the Great:Cyrus the Great:
Tomb of Cyrus the
Great
LeadersAfter Cyrus:
Conquered Egypt,
western India, and Thrace
(region ofnortheast Greece). Built roads to
connect the empire.The Royal Road stretched from
Asia Minorto Susa
(the first capital).
Persian “Royal Road”Persian “Royal Road”
Darius the Great Darius the Great
He extended the Persian Empire to the Indus River in northern India. (2 mil. s.q. mi.)
Built a canal in Egypt.
Built Persepolis.
He extended the Persian Empire to the Indus River in northern India. (2 mil. s.q. mi.)
Built a canal in Egypt.
Built Persepolis.
Darius came to the
throne in 521 B.C.
Darius paid people to be in
the army (unlike the
Greeks)
A group of 10,000
soldiers called the Immortals protected the
king.
Darius divided the empire into 20 provinces call satrapies.
Each was ruled by a
satrap, meaning
“protector of the kingdom.”
Satraps acted as judge,
police, and recruiter for
army.
Darius the Great (526 – 485 B. C.)
Darius the Great (526 – 485 B. C.) Established a tax-collecting
system.
Established a complex postal
system.
Created a network of spies called “the King’s eyes and ears.”
Established a tax-collecting system.
Established a complex postal
system.
Created a network of spies called “the King’s eyes and ears.”
“Good Thoughts, Good Deed, Good Words”
“Good Thoughts, Good Deed, Good Words”
Persian religion was Zoroastrianism
The founder was Zoroaster who
was born 660 B.C.
Zoroaster taught free will of humans
and recognized evil force in the world.
Extent of ZoroastrianismExtent of Zoroastrianism
It was a monotheistic religion that taught of one supreme creator.
Dualistic Battle of Good vs. Evil
Dualistic Battle of Good vs. Evil
Ahura Mazda“Holy Spirit”Ahura Mazda“Holy Spirit” Ahriman
“Destructive Spirit”
Ahriman“Destructive
Spirit”
“Tree of Life”“Tree of Life”
Zend-Avesta(The “Book of Law”)
Zend-Avesta(The “Book of Law”)
The “Sacred Fire” the force to fight evil.The “Sacred Fire” the force to fight evil.
Both Sparta and Athens played roles in defeating the Persians.By the mid-500s B.C.
Persia controlled Greek cities in Asia Minor.
Persian Wars: 499 BCE – 480 BCPersian Wars: 499 BCE – 480 BC
In 499 B.C., the Athenians helped Greeks in Asia Minor to rebel but
failed.
Battle of Marathon
Battle of Marathon
Persians decided to go south and attack Athens directly, so he ordered the cavalry back.
Pheidippides was sent to Athens with the news and ran 25 miles from Marathon.
Greeks charged the field and easily defeated the Persian soldiers standing in the water.
When he got there, he collapsed and with his final breath announced “Victory.”
In 490 B.C. 20,000 Persians landed on plain of Marathon.
The Athenians only had 10,000 soldiers.
1.
4.3.
2.
Xerxes took Persian
throne in 486 B.C. after
Darius.
He launched attack on Greece
with 180,000 soldiers in
480 B.C.
Sparta sent most solders with Sparta sent most solders with King King Leonidas Leonidas as commander.as commander.
The Greeks decided best place to stall the Persians was at
Thermopylae
Athens supplied the Athens supplied the navy navy with with Athenian general Athenian general ThemistoclesThemistocles drawing up the plan of attackdrawing up the plan of attack..
They cut off food and
supplies to the Persian Army.
AA traitortraitor told Persians of a told Persians of a mountain path around Greeks to mountain path around Greeks to
mount a rear attack.mount a rear attack.
They fought to the death in They fought to the death in order to giveorder to give AthensAthens enough enough time to assembletime to assemble 200200 ships.ships.
LeonidasLeonidas sent most troops to sent most troops to safety, but he and a few safety, but he and a few
hundred others stayed behindhundred others stayed behind..
The Greeks United
Thermopylae was a Thermopylae was a narrow pass narrow pass through the through the
mountains that was mountains that was easy to defend.easy to defend.
http://www.history.com/videos/battle-of-thermopylae-unfolds#kill-zone-battle-of-thermopylae
http://www.history.com/topics/greco-persian-wars/videos#battle-of-thermopylae-king-xerxes-master-plan
Greek fleet attacked Persians in the strait of Salamis
A strait is a narrow
strip of water between two pieces of land.
The smaller and faster
Greek ships easily destroyed the Persian fleet.
Persian army marched on and
burned Athens after Greeks had fled.
http://www.classzone.com/cz/books/ms_wh_survey/resources/html/animations/wh07_persian_wars.html
Persian Archers & Soldiers
Persian Archers & Soldiers
The Greeks assembled
largest army ever in
Greece with better training
and armor.
The Greeks crushed the
Persians at Platea,
northwest of Athens.
RESULT: It was a
turning point for the Greeks
because the Persians
retreated and city-states
were saved.
What Caused the Persian Empire to Fall?
By By 300 B.C300 B.C., the last Persian king was dead ., the last Persian king was dead and and Alexander the GreatAlexander the Great ruled over all his ruled over all his
lands.lands.
The results were …
So this happened …
Then this happened …
And that led to this …
The Greeks helped The Greeks helped weakenweaken the the empire which already had internal empire which already had internal
problems.problems.
After After DariusDarius and and XerxesXerxes, rulers , rulers increased taxes to build luxurious increased taxes to build luxurious
palacespalaces..
High taxesHigh taxes caused rebellion caused rebellion..
Started with …
The royal family fought over who would be king. The royal family fought over who would be king.
Six Six of nine rulers after Darius were of nine rulers after Darius were murderedmurdered..
Ancient PersepolisAncient Persepolis
PersepolisPersepolis
The People of PersepolisThe People of Persepolis